GLONASS Inter-frequency Biases and Their Effects on RTK and PPP Carrier-phase Ambiguity Resolution

Nico Reussner and Lambert Wanninger

Abstract:	GLONASS uses frequency division multiplexing (FDMA) to make the signals from individual satellites distinguishable. Thus, in both frequency bands the receiving equipment has to deal with up to 14 different frequencies. Due to code and carrier-phase inter-frequency biases in the receiving equipment, data processing gets more difficult as compared to GPS. The carrier-phase inter-frequency biases mainly depend on the receiver type and can be modeled and corrected based on a linear function of the signal’s frequency. The code inter-frequency biases are more difficult to handle since they mostly seem to be receiver individual and of non-linear character. GLONASS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning is very similar to GPS RTK as long as a priori corrections for the carrier-phase inter-frequency biases are applied. Precise Point Positioning (PPP), however, usually uses dual-frequency code observations to resolve widelane ambiguities with the Melbourne-Wübbena linear combination. Due to the code inter-frequency biases this technique does not work for the present GLONASS receiving equipment and it must be substituted by a pure carrier-phase widelane ambiguity resolution technique.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2011) September 20 - 23, 2011 Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon Portland, OR
Pages:	712 - 716
Cite this article:	Reussner, Nico, Wanninger, Lambert, "GLONASS Inter-frequency Biases and Their Effects on RTK and PPP Carrier-phase Ambiguity Resolution," Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2011), Portland, OR, September 2011, pp. 712-716.
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