Authentication of GNSS Position: An Assessment of Spoofing Detection Methods

Yves Bardout

Abstract:	Navigation open services (not the encrypted military or regulated services) are prone to a large range of attack to deny or fraud the service built upon them. Some tactics are shown in the paper targeting location sensitive billing. Known methods to counter such attacks rely on cross-checks against metrics either internal or external to the GNSS subsystem, or on tests of predictable characteristics of the navigation signal, generally in the receiver hardware. They require evolution of the receivers, and may not catch non cooperative users that permanently substitute spoofed signal to the true signal. On the other hand, the architecture for fraud detection and the candidate mechanisms studied in this project promote a positioning system rather than a receiver. They excludes change to the signal or receiver design and make use of additional information from the GNSS hardware and one or more positioning information: • Low cost inertial and magnetic sensors, odometer • Network positioning (namely cell-id and NMR) • Time differences • Dynamic model Results obtained by simulation show that such methods simple to implement in a mobile device or a central server in the infrastructure are efficient enough to counter elaborated frauds, and complies with the authentication requirements defined for the liability-critical applications, thus reinforcing the use of GNSS.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2011) September 20 - 23, 2011 Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon Portland, OR
Pages:	436 - 446
Cite this article:	Bardout, Yves, "Authentication of GNSS Position: An Assessment of Spoofing Detection Methods," Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2011), Portland, OR, September 2011, pp. 436-446.
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