The Possibility and Added-value of Authentication in Future Galileo Open Signal

H.V. de Castro, G. van der Maarel, E. Safipour

Abstract:	The work presented in this paper is based on two different projects. The first project was initiated by the European GNSS Supervisory Authority (GSA) within the Galileo Advanced Concepts (GAC), [R1]. This project analysed the accommodation of identified RUC requirements regarding authentication and its implementation in the future Galileo system. The second project was initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) within an ESA Open Call for Navigation Application Projects in the GNSS Evolution Programme. This project investigated Galileo evolutions to enable Cargo and Trade Security (CATS). This paper investigates the feasibility and the added value of introducing authentication in the Galileo’s Open Signal (OS) with focus on (mass) market applications such as Road User Charging (RUC) and Cargo and Trade (C&T) applications. This authentication mechanism would allow for generating trusted positioning information (i.e. position, velocity and time). The trustworthiness of the positioning information results from trusted source and trusted data. The possible threats for applications when using unauthenticated GNSS services are also analyzed both from a user and legal perspectives. The user requirements derived from the RUC and C&T applications resulted in a set of authentication performance requirements to focus when designing and proposing an authentication mechanism. Note that although the information from the GAC and CATS projects are used, however, this study, performed by Logica, endeavours to provide a generic view on the subject of authentication mechanism for the Galileo OS and its usefulness for the current and emerging (mass) market applications based on identified threats. A further analysis has been performed on implementation possibilities for accommodating an authentication field in the Galileo OS. For that reason the Galileo Freely Accessible Navigation message type (F/NAV) is evaluated for including an authentication parameter in the form of a Digital Signature (DS) by means of signing navigation data. This DS would then also be used for providing authentication of spreading codes. The characteristic of the authentication field is dependent on the threats to be counteracted (interrelated to the key size), the algorithms to incorporate and the timeframe. This analysis takes into account the time scale up to 2030 for counteracting threats and focuses on the navigation message authentication and spreading code authentication characteristics.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2010) September 21 - 24, 2010 Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon Portland, OR
Pages:	1112 - 1123
Cite this article:	de Castro, H.V., Maarel, G. van der, Safipour, E., "The Possibility and Added-value of Authentication in Future Galileo Open Signal," Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2010), Portland, OR, September 2010, pp. 1112-1123.
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