Feasible Architectures for Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS) for Land and Sea

Bruce R. Peterson, Greg Johnson and Jeff Stevens

Abstract:	This paper shows, from among a multitude of architectural alternatives, some key feasible solutions that can help to meet the requirements of JPALS. Programs underway at AES are addressing challenging JPALS requirements that drive architecture. JPALS must support multiple types of operations: Fixed Base operations (permanent installations), Tactical operations (rapid deployment to existing airstrips), Special Mission operations (man transportable to remote locations), and Shipboard operations. JPALS must provide this support in a potentially hostile environment. This paper addresses four trades studies: 1) architectural trades to multiple ways of using dual frequencies L1 and L2; 2) architectural trades to using inertial navigational systems (INS) to aid guidance quality performance, including loosely coupled, tightly coupled and ultra-tightly coupled architectures; 3) architectural trades to various allocations of requirements between the military ground/ship segment and the military airborne segment; and 4) anti-jam (AJ) trades to determine state-of-the-art protection. The dual frequency study considered: - Dual frequency in both the ground/ship segment and the airborne segment, - Dual frequency in the ground/ship segment but not in the airborne segment, - Separation of smoothing time constants between the ground/ship segment and the airborne segment, - Codeless carrier phase tracking, - Ionospheric free versus divergence free smoothing, and - Widelane measurements. The INS aiding trade studies considered: - No aiding, - Loosely coupled aiding, - Tightly coupled aiding, and - Ultra-tightly coupled aiding. The allocations of the requirements study considered: - As much of the integrity and continuity allocated to the ground/ship as possible, - As much of the integrity and continuity allocated to the airborne as possible, and - A middle ground between the previous two. The AJ requirements study considered: - Fixed Reception Pattern Antennas (FRPA) with receiver AJ features, and - Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas (CRPA) with either beam steering, null steering, or both. This paper presents criteria of evaluation, benefits and drawbacks of alternatives, and rationale for selection or rejection of an architecture or architectural element. The prime conclusion of this paper is that the selected architectures help to meet the requirements of the ground/shipboard and airborne specifications. This makes it feasible to use a common airborne architecture for both Land Based and Sea Based JPALS. It also opens the possibility for a common architecture for the land/ship segment for Land Based and Sea Based JPALS.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2004) September 21 - 24, 2004 Long Beach Convention Center Long Beach, CA
Pages:	544 - 554
Cite this article:	Peterson, Bruce R., Johnson, Greg, Stevens, Jeff, "Feasible Architectures for Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS) for Land and Sea," Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2004), Long Beach, CA, September 2004, pp. 544-554.
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