History of the GPS Space Segment From Block I to The New Millennium

Dennis M. Galvin

Abstract:	Twice the accuracy, twice the power, twice the life. A contributing factor to the success of the GPS program is due to the contributions and performance of the system space segment, recognizing also the essential contributions of the other two segments; Control and User. The planning and architecting of GPS began in the early 1970’s, with the first satellites being launched in 1978. Applications of this new technology began shortly thereafter in 1979 with only four satellites on orbit. This paper traces the planning, development, manufacturing, testing, and operation of the satellites that make up the GPS constellation. The steps that were taken along the way that contributed to the success enjoyed by the GPS satellites, including Blocks I, II/IIA, and IIR, are described. A program of this magnitude is not undertaken without exposure to risks and these are presented from both an a priori perspective and a post mission lesson learned perspective.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1999) September 14 - 17, 1999 Nashville, TN
Pages:	1843 - 1854
Cite this article:	Galvin, Dennis M., "History of the GPS Space Segment From Block I to The New Millennium," Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1999), Nashville, TN, September 1999, pp. 1843-1854.
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