Height Reference Frame for the Study of the Sea Level Changes by GPS Observation.

Janusz B.Zielinski, Anna Swiatek, Ryszard Zdunek

Abstract:	Before GPS a determination of height was done by the terrestrial levelling. Thanks to GPS height differences over long distances can be determined, but in geometrical dimension only, therefore it is necessary to combine physical and geometrical properties of the height above the sea level. The idea of the tide gauge fixing by GPS has been applied in the Baltic Sea Level Project. Three epoch campaigns have been performed with the network of more than 30 stations in 1990, 1993 and 1997. In order to compare results of these three campaigns some specific problems have to be taken into account: 1. Evolution of the GPS technology and GPS constellation; 2. Development of the modelling theory and software; 3. Definition of the reference frame and its time variability. Above factors are influencing in particular the vertical component of the tide gauge positions. The Baltic Sea Level tide gauge network has been analysed in each campaign by 5 analysing centers from Finland, Germany, Poland and Sweden. Comparison and unification of these solutions permitted to achieve the accuracy of heght below ± 1.5 cm in average and to calculate temporal and spatial changes of the sea level.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1997) September 16 - 19, 1997 Kansas City, MO
Pages:	1159 - 1164
Cite this article:	B.Zielinski, Janusz, Swiatek, Anna, Zdunek, Ryszard, "Height Reference Frame for the Study of the Sea Level Changes by GPS Observation.," Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1997), Kansas City, MO, September 1997, pp. 1159-1164.
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