A Resilient High Integrity Train Positioning Based on GNSS and FRMCS/5G

Alessandro Neri, Valeria Ioannucci, Elena Cinque, Francesco Valentini, Marco Pratesi, Francesco Rispoli

Peer Reviewed

Abstract:	The train positioning system with high accuracy and resiliency to overcome the legacy of current solutions based on mechanical odometry and track-side equipment is a priority of the ERTMS evolution plan agreed by the railways stake-holders. Resiliency to GNSS signal outages, non-exclusive technological dependency and the deployment of the new telecom standard FRMCS based on 5G, have triggered our research on a novel positioning platform combining GNSS and FRMCS. In this paper we investigate the integration of FRMCS/5G positioning into a multi-sensor train localization architecture. The novelty of this architecture is to increase the robustness of the train positioning data by exploiting the 5G capabilities of the FRMCS telecom standard that will be part of the ERTMS train control system. That solution is in line with the standardization of 5G networks and the concept of Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) based on the utilization of the same hardware and frequency spectrum to perform both communication and sensing functions including high-accuracy localization and tracking. The proposed high-integrity localization system is capable of meeting the SIL-4 safety requirement of the ERTMS, even in GNSS-denied scenarios.
Published in:	Proceedings of the ION 2026 Pacific PNT Meeting April 13 - 16, 2026 Hilton Waikiki Beach Honolulu, Hawaii
Pages:	486 - 500
Cite this article:	Neri, Alessandro, Ioannucci, Valeria, Cinque, Elena, Valentini, Francesco, Pratesi, Marco, Rispoli, Francesco, "A Resilient High Integrity Train Positioning Based on GNSS and FRMCS/5G," Proceedings of the ION 2026 Pacific PNT Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, April 2026, pp. 486-500. https://doi.org/10.33012/2026.20600
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