A GNSS-based in-car odometer for distance-based toll collection

Richard A. Gutteling, Ron van de Leijgraaf, Olaf Tettero and Paul van Koningsbruggen

Abstract:	In the never-ending struggle against traffic-jams and ever longer-lasting rush hours, the Dutch government has introduced the 'kilometerheffing' (kilometer levy) concept. The reasons behind this concept are twofold: make the 'bulk consumer' pay more for the use of the public infrastructure than the occasional user and discourage the use of a car during peak hours on busy roads. In order to achieve these targets, an odometer is needed that will not only register distance, but also time and place. The combination of distance, time and place can be used for dynamic road pricing: one mile during the Monday-morning rush hour driving into a city will cost more than one mile on a Sunday afternoon in a rural area. TNO has studied a number of technical solutions: a 'traditional' odometer, already present in most cars, a digital odometer, an odometer based on speedometers or accelerometers, a GNSS-based odometer and an odometer based on position determination using cellular telephony networks. These systems have been compared on the following points: • accuracy • communication methods • technical possibilities and constraints for (retro)fitting • sensitivity to fraud • overall costs TNO has also studied the possibilities to transfer the registered information from the odometer to the tax department. This could be done using some kind of wireless link (cellular telephone, dedicated radio link), wired link (whenever a car is being serviced) or even a visual inspection. Furthermore, the issue of enforcement and possible fraud with the system must be taken into account. It should be possible to detect tampering with or malfunctioning of the system. Some form of legislation should cover the actions that will have to be taken when fraud is detected, but that was not a part of this technical study. All the technical aspects of the aforementioned system will be covered in this paper and the conclusions and recommendations of this study as given to the Dutch government will be elaborated.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 2002) September 24 - 27, 2002 Oregon Convention Center Portland, OR
Pages:	438 - 445
Cite this article:	Gutteling, Richard A., de Leijgraaf, Ron van, Tettero, Olaf, van Koningsbruggen, Paul, "A GNSS-based in-car odometer for distance-based toll collection," Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 2002), Portland, OR, September 2002, pp. 438-445.
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