Direction of Arrival (DoA) Finding Using Irregular, Dynamic Arrays

Sajad Eslamzadeh and Ramakrishna Janaswamy

Abstract:	Jammer detection and source localization are important for a reliable and safe satellite navigation system. DoA finding is a means of triangulation for geolocating sources. In this paper, a new radio direction finding technique based on irregular arrays and without prior knowledge of source radiation frequencies will be presented. The technique exhibits reasonable accuracy and resolution for DoA finding of multiple coherent and non-coherent AM/CW sources. Another remarkable advantage is the ability for effectively finding source directions even with sparse/down sampling, i.e., receiver spacings larger than Nyquist half-wavelength. This advantage in addition to facilitating practical implementation makes higher frequency sources or jammers visible. Spatial Fourier transform (SFT) which helps to find DoA of sources is computed over signals received by irregular, dynamic arrays. The technique accounts for motion and synthesizes irregular arrays affected by doppler shifts. Doppler correction is mandatory and SFT is generalized accordingly.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025) September 8 - 12, 2025 Hilton Baltimore Inner Harbor Baltimore, Maryland
Pages:	749 - 755
Cite this article:	Eslamzadeh, Sajad, Janaswamy, Ramakrishna, "Direction of Arrival (DoA) Finding Using Irregular, Dynamic Arrays," Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025), Baltimore, Maryland, September 2025, pp. 749-755. https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20366
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