Integrity Analysis of GNSS/Pulsar PPP for Advanced Air Mobility and Automotive

Shizhuang Wang, Danielle Racelis, and Mathieu Joerger

Abstract:	The demand is increasing for accurate, resilient, and reliable Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) in emerging transportation applications such as advanced air mobility and autonomous driving. To meet this need, a promising approach is to augment Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with PNT-dedicated Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations (e.g., Xona’s Pulsar). In this paper, we develop and evaluate an integrity monitoring algorithm for Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using signals from both GNSS and Pulsar satellites. This algorithm builds upon the sequential Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) framework, which we modify to incorporate GNSS/Pulsar code and carrier phase measurements over time (we also consider Doppler measurements). We evaluate the integrity performance of GNSS/Pulsar PPP in example open-sky ground and advanced air mobility navigation applications. Initial simulation results emphasize the potential of Pulsar to augment GNSS in future autonomous applications requiring high-accuracy and high-integrity navigation.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025) September 8 - 12, 2025 Hilton Baltimore Inner Harbor Baltimore, Maryland
Pages:	511 - 527
Cite this article:	Wang, Shizhuang, Racelis, Danielle, Joerger, Mathieu, "Integrity Analysis of GNSS/Pulsar PPP for Advanced Air Mobility and Automotive," Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025), Baltimore, Maryland, September 2025, pp. 511-527. https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20362
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