A New Paradigm in Nationwide GNSS Precise Positioning: Satellite-Broadcasted OSR Corrections via Homogeneous Network RTK Methodology

Cheolsoon Lim, Yongrae Jo, Sungik Kim, Yebin Lee, Byungwoon Park

Abstract:	The advancement of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies has driven remarkable progress in high-precision applications such as geodesy, surveying, autonomous navigation, and precision agriculture. Conventional Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Network RTK (N-RTK) techniques provide centimeter-level accuracy but remain constrained by spatial decorrelation errors and their reliance on high-speed, two-way communications. These limitations restrict both coverage and scalability. Satellite-based State Space Representation (SSR) correction services mitigate some of these challenges through efficient one-way broadcasting but suffer from slow initialization, residual errors, and unreliable ambiguity resolution in dynamic environments. This paper introduces Homogeneous Network RTK (HN-RTK) as a novel methodology that integrates the strengths of Observation Space Representation (OSR) with advanced residual error modeling. Unlike conventional N-RTK, HN-RTK employs a single master station to generate corrections, which are broadcast via satellite dissemination infrastructures. This centralized architecture mitigates spatial decorrelation, extends service coverage beyond 500 km, and maintains centimeter-level accuracy while operating within the lowbandwidth constraints (~2 kbps) of satellite channels. The proposed framework was implemented and validated using real-time data from South Korea’s Continuous Operating Reference Stations (CORS). A correction-generation module incorporated single-master observations and multi-constellation Flächen-Korrektur-Parameter (FKP) corrections from GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou. Delaunay triangulation ensured efficient interpolation across 19 reference stations. Sensitivity analysis across various broadcast intervals (1–30 s) confirmed consistent centimeter-level performance despite bandwidth limitations. Further evaluation with 26 static user stations demonstrated robust ambiguity resolution and accuracy across extended baselines, confirming the scalability of the approach. To further refine reliability, a second-order convex error model was developed, enabling enhanced residual error estimation and protection level calculation. Overall, HN-RTK represents a transformative evolution in GNSS correction methodologies, offering scalable, reliable, and accurate positioning suitable for nationwide deployment. Its integration with satellite broadcasting paves the way for next-generation applications in autonomous transport, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and disaster response.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025) September 8 - 12, 2025 Hilton Baltimore Inner Harbor Baltimore, Maryland
Pages:	2487 - 2497
Cite this article:	Lim, Cheolsoon, Jo, Yongrae, Kim, Sungik, Lee, Yebin, Park, Byungwoon, "A New Paradigm in Nationwide GNSS Precise Positioning: Satellite-Broadcasted OSR Corrections via Homogeneous Network RTK Methodology," Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025), Baltimore, Maryland, September 2025, pp. 2487-2497. https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20335
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