A Spanning RAIM Method with Low Complexity for GNSS Anti-Spoofing

Lingtao Wang, Yimin Ma, Xi Chen, Mingquan Lu, and Hong Li

Peer Reviewed

Abstract:	The evolving GNSS spoofing techniques have proposed increasing challenges to the dependability of GNSS services in recent times, necessitating the development of robust anti-spoofing measures. Many anti-spoofing methods are proposed based on Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) for its high reliability and low complexity. Nonetheless, conventional RAIM is limited in its capacity to isolate only one single spoofing signal, thereby requiring further improvements. Although certain improved traversal RAIM techniques have been developed to counter multiple spoofing signals with precision and without the need for additional information, their computational demands escalate sharply with an increase in the number of visible satellites. This study introduces a novel Spanning-RAIM approach (Sp-RAIM) that drastically reduces complexity under most spoofing scenarios while preserving the benefits of high accuracy and no requirement for extra information. The Sp-RAIM method introduces an innovative traversal sequence, starting from smaller to larger signal sets, which differs from traditional RAIM methods. This approach leverages the principle that the inconsistency of a signal set is preserved as it expands from a smaller to a larger set. Consequently, Sp-RAIM can dynamically shrink the traversal space by excluding any signal set that includes previously identified inconsistent sets, thereby reducing computational complexity. This paper conducts both theoretical analysis and simulations to quantitatively assess the efficiency gains achieved by Sp-RAIM.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025) September 8 - 12, 2025 Hilton Baltimore Inner Harbor Baltimore, Maryland
Pages:	1547 - 1557
Cite this article:	Wang, Lingtao, Ma, Yimin, Chen, Xi, Lu, Mingquan, Li, Hong, "A Spanning RAIM Method with Low Complexity for GNSS Anti-Spoofing," Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025), Baltimore, Maryland, September 2025, pp. 1547-1557. https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20238
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