Jamming Source Localization using GPS Deltarange Measurements from Geostationary Satellite

Moeko Hidaka, Makoto Tomitaka, Naoki Miyashita, Toru Yamamoto, Satoko Kawakami, Tomoaki Eda, Takahiro Shimizu, Ryo Harada, Susumu Kumagai

Abstract:	GNSS is now utilized by geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), in collaboration with NEC Space Technologies, Ltd., developed a GPS receiver specifically for GEO applications. This receiver, launched in November 2020 aboard the Optical Data Relay Satellite, successfully performed GPS orbit determination in geostationary orbit. However, the GPS receiver on the Optical Data Relay Satellite has been affected by non-PNT interference signals, which have degraded its navigation performance. These signals exhibit nearly constant strength and delta-range values, suggesting a stationary emitter relative to the satellite. A detailed analysis of slight changes in the delta-range measurements revealed that the interference source is likely a conflict zone on the ground. Unlike LEO satellites, which have high relative velocities to the ground, GEO satellites are more susceptible to jamming signals due to their constant positional relationship with ground-based areas. This vulnerability is further enhanced by antenna orientation: LEO satellites generally point their antennas toward the zenith, whereas GEO satellites direct them toward Earth, increasing their exposure to terrestrial interference. This paper investigates the localization of this jamming source using a single geostationary satellite, leveraging delta-range measurements. While ideal geostationary satellites maintain zero relative velocity with respect to Earth, the Optical Data Relay Satellite possesses an elliptical orbit with respect to the ideal geostationary orbital position, due to differences in eccentricity and orbital inclination. This orbital motion enables the unique determination of delta-range measurements relative to any object in orbit or any point on the ground. We first conduct a sensitivity analysis focusing on the geostationary satellite’s orbit and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method through error analysis. Finally, in-orbit measurements are analyzed, and the interference source is estimated to be located near the southern Mediterranean coast.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025) September 8 - 12, 2025 Hilton Baltimore Inner Harbor Baltimore, Maryland
Pages:	60 - 70
Cite this article:	Hidaka, Moeko, Tomitaka, Makoto, Miyashita, Naoki, Yamamoto, Toru, Kawakami, Satoko, Eda, Tomoaki, Shimizu, Takahiro, Harada, Ryo, Kumagai, Susumu, "Jamming Source Localization using GPS Deltarange Measurements from Geostationary Satellite," Proceedings of the 38th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2025), Baltimore, Maryland, September 2025, pp. 60-70. https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20226
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