Exploration of Temporal Correlations of Gauss-Markov Processes in Orbit and Clock Errors of BDS-3 Satellites

Songyan Zhang, Zhihong Li, Shizhuang Wang, Rong Yang, and Xingqun Zhan

Peer Reviewed

Abstract:	This study employs Gauss–Markov Process (GMP) models to systematically analyze the temporal correlation characteristics of orbit and clock errors in BeiDou-3 (BDS3) MEO satellites, revealing that orbit errors in radial, along-track, and cross-track directions follow a second-order GMP (GMP2) with correlation times of 5–12 hours, while clock errors conform to a first-order GMP (GMP1) with a correlation time of approximately 0.8 hours. These findings offer critical support for high-integrity GNSS applications such as ARAIM and GNSS/INS integration, where accurate time-domain error modeling is essential for reliable navigation and fault detection. Index Terms—Gauss-Markov Process, error modeling, orbit and clock errors, temporal correlation
Published in:	2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) April 28 - 1, 2025 Salt Lake Marriott Downtown at City Creek Salt Lake City, UT
Pages:	244 - 250
Cite this article:	Zhang, Songyan, Li, Zhihong, Wang, Shizhuang, Yang, Rong, Zhan, Xingqun, "Exploration of Temporal Correlations of Gauss-Markov Processes in Orbit and Clock Errors of BDS-3 Satellites," 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), Salt Lake City, UT, April 2025, pp. 244-250.
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