RTK Performance of Synthetic Aperture Processing on Top of the ULB-PLL Method with Real-World Urban GPS/Galileo L1/L5 Signals

Jürgen Dampf, Mohamed Bochkati, and Thomas Pany

Peer Reviewed

Abstract:	In previous work, we developed a ultra-low-bandwidth PLL (ULB-PLL) for a dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver using Doppler aiding based on an inertial navigation system (INS) and a clock locked loop (CLL). Both aiding signals allow one to reduce the phase locked loop (PLL) and delay locked loop (DLL) bandwidth to a fraction of one hertz, thus increasing tracking stability and multipath performance. In this paper, we extend the ULB-PLL by a coherent accumulation of early, prompt, and late correlation values. This accumulation exploits the intrinsic motion of the GNSS antenna, that is, spatial diversity, to realize a synthetic aperture antenna (SAA). It maximizes the antenna gain towards the satellite, thereby minimizing the influence of multipath signals coming from other directions. The method is analyzed via the z-transform and illustrated with both simulated and real-world GPS and Galileo signals were we demonstrate an real time kinematics (RTK) processing with the obtained code and carrier pseudoranges. Index Terms—synthetic aperture antenna, deep coupling, GNSS, RTK
Published in:	2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) April 28 - 1, 2025 Salt Lake Marriott Downtown at City Creek Salt Lake City, UT
Pages:	1226 - 1238
Cite this article:	Dampf, Jürgen, Bochkati, Mohamed, Pany, Thomas, "RTK Performance of Synthetic Aperture Processing on Top of the ULB-PLL Method with Real-World Urban GPS/Galileo L1/L5 Signals," 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), Salt Lake City, UT, April 2025, pp. 1226-1238.
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