Spoofing Mitigation Based on Doppler Frequency and Pseudorange Corrections in GNSS Receiver

Jingxiaotao Fang and Bing Xu

Peer Reviewed

Abstract:	The reliability and security of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have become critical concerns in recent years. Synchronous spoofing attacks, in particular, can deceive users by providing false position, velocity, and time (PVT) solutions without causing significant power increases or disrupting the receiver’s tracking loop. Consequently, mitigating these sophisticated spoofing attacks in low-cost standalone receivers remains a significant challenge. To address this, Doppler-based spoofing mitigation methods have been proposed, leveraging the receiver’s Doppler measurement features to estimate the parameters of incoming signals. Theoretical analysis characterizes Doppler measurements under interference, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using widely used opensource data with spoofing attacks. Index Terms—GNSS receiver, spoofing mitigation, Doppler frequency, tracking loop
Published in:	2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) April 28 - 1, 2025 Salt Lake Marriott Downtown at City Creek Salt Lake City, UT
Pages:	306 - 315
Cite this article:	Fang, Jingxiaotao, Xu, Bing, "Spoofing Mitigation Based on Doppler Frequency and Pseudorange Corrections in GNSS Receiver," 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), Salt Lake City, UT, April 2025, pp. 306-315.
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