Performance of Optimal INS Monitor Against Live Spoofing

Birendra Kujur, Samer Khanafseh, and Boris Pervan

Peer Reviewed

Abstract:	In this paper, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed optimal Inertial Navigation System (INS) monitor (Kujur et al. (2024)) against live spoofing with multiple Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing scenarios. We evaluate the monitor performance for a live spoofing event where an aircraft was subjected to live GNSS spoofed signals using onboard equipment during its flight with different spoofed trajectories such as step, ramp, and accelerating position offsets. The spoofing signals were generated and broadcast on a single frequency GPS constellation while spoof-free GNSS signals were acquired using other constellations. Spoofed GPS signals, spoof-free GNSS signals, and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) dynamic data was collected. Results show that the optimal INS monitor can detect spoofing even at sub-decimeter level magnitudes within minutes. As a result, the conducted experiment demonstrates the monitor’s ability to detect realistic GNSS spoofing events even with minimal position offsets, thereby validating the performance of the monitor.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 2025 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation January 27 - 30, 2025 Hyatt Regency Long Beach Long Beach, California
Pages:	579 - 589
Cite this article:	Kujur, Birendra, Khanafseh, Samer, Pervan, Boris, "Performance of Optimal INS Monitor Against Live Spoofing," Proceedings of the 2025 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, Long Beach, California, January 2025, pp. 579-589. https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.19998
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