Resilient PNT for the Black Sea and Danube Region

Florin Mistrapau, Roxana Mihaela Clopot, Ciprian-Vladut Circu, Vlad Gabriel Olteanu, Irina Beatrice Stefanescu, Mirela Bivolaru, Lucian Dumitrache, Petrica Popov

Abstract:	Position, navigation and timing (PNT) information at sea represents part of the critical navigation data ensuring safety and security of transportation for SOLAS (Safety-Of-Life At Sea) and non-SOLAS vessels. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have become omnipresent in the maritime domain and represent the main provider of this information which is required to meet the user needs in terms of accuracy, integrity, reliability and system redundancy. The vulnerability of GNSS to interference may lead to loss of positioning information or even worse, to false positioning information. The current paper presents the main outcomes of the RIPTIDE project carried out under Navigation Innovation and Support Programme (NAVISP) Element 3 of the European Space Agency (ESA). RIPTIDE represents the first phase of a multi-stage initiative aimed to cover a national need of resilient PNT tailored to address the particularities of the Black Sea and Lower Danube Basin region. Within this study, novel approaches to reaching resilient PNT in the maritime environment, specifically designed for the Black Sea and Danube area, are explored. The paper presents the results of emulated GNSS jamming and spoofing tests conducted in maritime and fluvial environments to understand and raise awareness of the associated impact at user and authority levels. Additionally, a set of proposed resilient maritime PNT solutions has been analyzed resulting in a recommendation to follow an integrated Monitor and Protect approach building on a multi-system concept. As it will be shown in the paper, RIPTIDE has set the foundations for a resilient PNT system dedicated to civil maritime applications in the Romanian Black Sea and Danube region following a Monitor and Protect approach. The solutions recommended by the RIPTIDE project are implemented and tested in the subsequent activity called RIPTIDE PHASE 2 which started in 2023.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023) September 11 - 15, 2023 Hyatt Regency Denver Denver, Colorado
Pages:	647 - 663
Cite this article:	Mistrapau, Florin, Clopot, Roxana Mihaela, Circu, Ciprian-Vladut, Olteanu, Vlad Gabriel, Stefanescu, Irina Beatrice, Bivolaru, Mirela, Dumitrache, Lucian, Popov, Petrica, "Resilient PNT for the Black Sea and Danube Region," Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023), Denver, Colorado, September 2023, pp. 647-663. https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19431
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