Positioning in the GNSS Signal Disconnection Area Based on Multiple Pseudolites

Daehyun Kim, Sihwa Song, Jinsang Hwang

Abstract:	The demand for technology and service development that integrates the real world with the virtual world, based on leading technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is increasing. However, in areas where GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals cannot be received, such as indoors and in close proximity to buildings, it is technically challenging to measure real-time user positions. To address this, research has been conducted on positioning methods in GNSS signal-disrupted areas where it is difficult to utilize GNSS-based positioning. Various indoor positioning techniques, including pseudolites (multiple pseudolites), have been applied to develop an improved indoor-outdoor continuous positioning method with enhanced accuracy. The accuracy of the mixed positioning using GNSS and pseudolites has been verified through the installation and operation of pseudolite prototypes. Factors affecting pseudolite errors have been analyzed, and approaches to improve positioning accuracy for practical pseudolite deployment have been proposed. In the first phase of the experiment, measurements were conducted in partially signal-disrupted areas under an elevated highway, resulting in horizontal position errors of approximately 2-4 meters. In the second phase, measurements were performed in densely populated urban areas representing partially signal-disrupted areas. After the installation of pseudolites, positions were confirmed within the observation area, but excessive multipath effects hindered coordinate calculation. In the third phase, measurements were conducted inside a building representing a completely signal-disrupted area. Only the transmitted signals from pseudolites were received in an environment with minimal multipath effects. The horizontal position errors of the observed coordinates, obtained using a smartphone and a commercial GNSS receiver, were 2.5 meters and 3.75 meters, respectively. In areas with complete GNSS signal disruption, such as inside buildings, the expected accuracy considering pseudolite errors ranged from 1 to 5 meters. These results are expected to be applicable in various fields, including security and safety services, as well as citizen convenience services, as determined through economic analysis.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023) September 11 - 15, 2023 Hyatt Regency Denver Denver, Colorado
Pages:	2013 - 2027
Cite this article:	Kim, Daehyun, Song, Sihwa, Hwang, Jinsang, "Positioning in the GNSS Signal Disconnection Area Based on Multiple Pseudolites," Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023), Denver, Colorado, September 2023, pp. 2013-2027. https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19334
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