Two and Three Satellite Positioning using Doppler and Pseudorange

Elisabeth Pike, Frank van Graas, and Sabrina Ugazio

Peer Reviewed

Abstract:	This paper investigates a combined Doppler and pseudorange (DPR) solution using two or three satellites for a stand-alone, dual-frequency, stationary receiver. The three solutions presented in this paper use novel Doppler track equations, seemingly simplified yet fully capable of obtaining high-accuracy Doppler solutions. Unlike previously developed DPR solutions, none of these solutions require a reference or differential correction station, and the solution update rate is 10 to 100 s to achieve horizontal positioning with better than 10 m accuracy (RMS). For the two-satellite solution, both vertical and oscillator aiding are analyzed and compared. The three-satellite solution does not require aiding. Error sensitivity analyses are performed to characterize the performance of the solutions. Both a computer simulation and GPS measurement data are used to demonstrate the feasibility of all three solutions. Horizontal Root Mean Square (RMS) errors below 10 m were achieved for solutions with good satellite geometry. Based on a 12-hr GPS data set from a rooftop antenna, the two-satellite DPR solutions experienced good geometry more than 85% of the time, while the three-satellite DPR solutions experienced good geometry 100% of the time.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 2022 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation January 25 - 27, 2022 Hyatt Regency Long Beach Long Beach, California
Pages:	671 - 685
Cite this article:	Pike, Elisabeth, van Graas, Frank, Ugazio, Sabrina, "Two and Three Satellite Positioning using Doppler and Pseudorange," Proceedings of the 2022 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, Long Beach, California, January 2022, pp. 671-685. https://doi.org/10.33012/2022.18265
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