PPP/PPP-RTK Message Authentication

Ignacio Fernandez-Hernandez, Rui Hirokawa, Vincent Rijmen, Yusuke Aikawa

Peer Reviewed

Abstract:	This paper analyzes candidate schemes for PPP/PPP-RTK data authentication. Data authentication asymmetric schemes are proposed based on existing standards and compatible with GNSS messages. Postquantum cryptographic signatures are also reviewed and discussed. Two schemes are selected for analysis: DS (digital signature), based on ECDSA, and DD (delayed-disclosure), based on a hybrid scheme using the TESLA protocol. An implementation of each of them is described in detail for both Galileo HAS (High Accuracy Service), and QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System) CLAS (Centimeter-Level Accuracy Service). The performance of the schemes in terms of time to receive the corrections message, and increase in the age of data (AOD) due to authentication, is analyzed. The analysis is complemented by a review of the CPU consumption at receiver level.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 34th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2021) September 20 - 24, 2021 Union Station Hotel St. Louis, Missouri
Pages:	3711 - 3729
Cite this article:	Updated citation: Published in NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation
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