A Joint DOA/TOF Estimation Technique for 3D Localization of user Equipment in an Indoor Multipath Environment

Umer Javed, Di He, Peilin Liu

Abstract:	This work deals with the problem of localization or positioning of multiple wireless users in mobile communication systems. Multiple antenna techniques have been proved to be very useful in achieving high data rates, highly reliable transmission links and interference cancelation/rejection. Therefore, antenna arrays have become a critical part of infrastructure for wireless communication systems deployed and currently in development. Since the use of antenna arrays in wireless networks provides additional opportunities for ground based wireless positioning, in this paper we make use of sensor array signal processing techniques to realize the localization of multiple wireless users located indoors or outdoors. Based on the features of the signal transmitted from the source, the multi-antenna transceiver in base station can use space-time techniques to estimate the radio emitter's position. Specifically, we point out that the angle/direction of arrival (AOA)/DOA and time of flight (TOF) of emitter signals impinging on receiving array are very useful parameters in accomplishing accurate localization of user equipment (UE). Therefore, in this work we propose that for any general multi-antenna receiver, joint estimation of DOA and TOF can realize highly accurate localization and direction finding, and also the required number of antennas to achieve such level of accuracy is small as is required in deployable indoor arrays. The localization and direction finding problem is cast as the joint estimation of signal parameters of interest for realizing high resolution. In this work, for the first time, we provide novel Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) based statistical analyses of joint DOA/TOF estimation methods for source localization problem. For this purpose we derive in detail and present novel closed form generalized CRLB expressions for many proposed hybrid DOA/TOF estimation methods. The derived expressions of CRLBs for various scenarios are applicable to arbitrarily shaped planar antenna arrays and any type of source signals. Computationally efficient and low complexity algorithms are suggested to realize practical implementation of proposed multi-parameter estimation methods for indoor localization purposes.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 30th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2017) September 25 - 29, 2017 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon
Pages:	2960 - 2972
Cite this article:	Javed, Umer, He, Di, Liu, Peilin, "A Joint DOA/TOF Estimation Technique for 3D Localization of user Equipment in an Indoor Multipath Environment," Proceedings of the 30th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2017), Portland, Oregon, September 2017, pp. 2960-2972. https://doi.org/10.33012/2017.15166
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