PHYSICS OF SYSTEMATIC FREQUENCY VARIATIONS IN HYDROGEN MASERS

Edward M. Mattison

Abstract:	The frequency stability of hydrogen masers for intervals longer than 104 seconds is limited at present by systematic processes. We discuss the physics of frequency-determining mechanisms internal to the maser that are susceptible to systematic variations, and the connections between these internal mechanisms and external environmental factors. Based upon estimates of the magnitudes of systematic effects, we find that the primary internal mechanisms currently limiting long-term maser frequency stability are cavity pulling, at the level of parts in 1015 per day, and wall shift variations, at the level of parts in 1916 to parts in 1015 per day. We discuss strategies for reducing systematic frequency variations.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 22th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting December 4 - 6, 1990 Sheraton Premiere Hotel Vienna, Virginia
Pages:	453 - 464
Cite this article:	Mattison, Edward M., "PHYSICS OF SYSTEMATIC FREQUENCY VARIATIONS IN HYDROGEN MASERS," Proceedings of the 22th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting, Vienna, Virginia, December 1990, pp. 453-464.
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