Abstract: | We describe chip-scale batch-fabricated cesium cells utilizing semiconductor wafer processing, pin transfer of cesium, and silicon/Pyrex anodic bonding for cell sealing. High-speed, single-mode linearly polarized VCSELs emitting at the 133Cs D1 line were fabricated, optimized for low threshold and high-speed operation with overall small power dissipation. Coherent population trapping (CPT) end-resonance signals with a contrast and linewidth of 5.4% and 7.1 kHz respectively are achieved using 1 mm optical path length cells and VCSEL driven with 1.25 mW RF modulation and 2.76 mW DC power dissipation. We demonstrate short-term stability of 4.5x10-10·t -1/2 with an atomic clock built with these components operating on the CPT end-resonance. The magnetic field is stabilized with a novel magnetic field locking scheme tapping the Zeeman resonance. |
Published in: |
Proceedings of the 36th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting December 7 - 9, 2004 Hyatt Regency Washington on Capitol Hill Washington, D.C. |
Pages: | 355 - 368 |
Cite this article: | Kwakernaak, M. H., Lipp, S., McBride, S., Zanzucchi, P., Chan, W.K., Khalfin, V.B., An, H., Whaley, R. D., Jr.,, Willner, B. I., Ulmer, A., Li, J. Z., Davis, T., Braun, A. M., Abeles, J. H., Post, A., Jau, Y-Y., Kuzma, N. N., Happer, W., "Components for Batch-Fabricated Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks," Proceedings of the 36th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting, Washington, D.C., December 2004, pp. 355-368. |
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