Titanium Doped Cryogenic Sapphire Resonator Oscillators

Y. Kersalé, N. Boubekeur, J.G. Hartnett, M.E. Tobar, N. Bazin, V. Giordano

Abstract:	Residual paramagnetic impurities are present in high quality sapphire crystal. This phenomenon was exploited as paramagnetic spin compensation at liquid helium temperature to build high Q Cryogenic Sapphire Resonator Oscillators (CSRO). In this paper we present the characterization of intentionally Ti3+ and Ti4+ doped sapphire resonator oscillators. For the Ti3+ resonator we used the 12.7 GHz mode operating at 34K. This resonator exhibited a frequency stability of order 2×10-13 for 8s < t < 20s with the use of a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler as a cold source. This corresponds to state-of-the-art line splitting of the order of 10-7. A second experiment with a Pulse Tube cryocooler shows an improvement in the short term frequency stability. The Ti4+ resonator oscillator at 13.8 GHz exhibited a frequency stability of 7×10-14 at t = 16s.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 37th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting August 29 - 31, 2005 Vancouver, Canada
Pages:	368 - 372
Cite this article:	Kersalé, Y., Boubekeur, N., Hartnett, J.G., Tobar, M.E., Bazin, N., Giordano, V., "Titanium Doped Cryogenic Sapphire Resonator Oscillators," Proceedings of the 37th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, August 2005, pp. 368-372.
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