Cooperative Positioning for Low Energy Bluetooth Technology

Bassem I. Sheta, Mohamed Youssef

Abstract:	Mobile devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and Smartphones are emerging as a key element in today’s computing platforms due to the rapid developments in wireless communications and mobile computing. Modern generation smartphones have introduced a low energy Bluetooth technology which has opened not only pathways for peer-to-peer communication but also proximity positioning service. With the introduction of the low energy Bluetooth technology, considerable interest has been seen on its possibilities. The low energy Bluetooth technology is mobile and can be deployed around any indoor environment (e.g. shops, mall, airport…). Proximity positioning of the low energy Bluetooth technology is facing a continuous challenges fulfilling the vast majority of Location Based Service (LBS) applications. In this paper, we are introducing a positioning technique that can work with the low energy Bluetooth technology and provide a better positioning service that can fulfill larger number of LBS applications and improve user experience. In this paper, we expand over what low energy Bluetooth technology is providing from location perspective. We assist the RSS as a ranging method for low energy Bluetooth. Simulations are provided at different environment to show the magnitude of ranging error expected out of these technologies. Comparisons between different practical statistical methods are used to estimate the “actual” range and its variance. We explain how these devices can intelligently build and merge their own local maps to upgrade from proximity positioning to two-dimensional positioning. The theoretical foundation of three spatial techniques is discussed in this paper. Simulation comparisons for building and merging local maps using least squares method, iterative least squares, and ??1 ? ???????? estimation. Simulation results show that in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) the least squares estimation outperforms other estimation techniques, while the method based on ??1 ? ???????? estimation shows a better performance in the presence of outliers.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2014) September 8 - 12, 2014 Tampa Convention Center Tampa, Florida
Pages:	1709 - 1719
Cite this article:	Sheta, Bassem I., Youssef, Mohamed, "Cooperative Positioning for Low Energy Bluetooth Technology," Proceedings of the 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2014), Tampa, Florida, September 2014, pp. 1709-1719.
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