Composite Clocks with 3-State Models

James R. Wright

Abstract:	Previous analyses of composite clocks have been presented with 2-state clock models for random clock phase and frequency deviations. But Kalman filter estimate errors due to 3-state clock frequency-drift deviations have not been previously presented. I have employed the 3-state Zucca-Tavella clock model to simulate an ensemble of four 3-state clocks. I have found a dominant common component for 3-state clock Kalman filter phase errors with the curvature of a nonlinear low-order polynomial that does not exist for 2-state clocks. Cesium clocks are free of frequency-drift, but rubidium and hydrogen-maser clocks have significant frequency drift. Use of the 3-state clock model, and an understanding of its true and estimated behavior, will facilitate operation of the associated composite clock.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 39th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Meeting November 27 - 29, 2007 Hyatt Regency Long Beach Long Beach, California
Pages:	371 - 390
Cite this article:	Wright, James R., "Composite Clocks with 3-State Models," Proceedings of the 39th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Meeting, Long Beach, California, November 2007, pp. 371-390.
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