RF-Interrogated End-State Chip-Scale Atomic Clock

A. M. Braun, T. J. Davis, M. H. Kwakernaak, J. J. Michalchuk, A. Ulmer, W. K. Chan, J. H. Abeles, Z. A. Shellenbarger, Y-Y. Jau, W. Happer, T. McClelland, H. Fruehauf, R. Drap, W. Weidemann, and M. Variakojis

Abstract:	A chip-scale atomic clock implemented with end-state physics has been fabricated and characterized. Batch-fabricated components were specifically designed and developed to enable integration within a small form-factor package. The full physics package, implemented with CW VCSEL optical pump, direct end-state hyperfine RF and Zeeman interrogation for magnetic field stabilization, was demonstrated within a 4 cm3 volume, consuming 25 mW of power, and exhibiting an Allan deviation stability of 6×10-11/vt. In addition, end-state signal contrast exceeded 40% from millimeter-scale vapor cells with buffer-gas pressures exceeding 2.5 atmospheres, demonstrating the route to submillimeter vapor-cells within high-performance CSACs for high shock/ vibration environments.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 39th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Meeting November 27 - 29, 2007 Hyatt Regency Long Beach Long Beach, California
Pages:	233 - 248
Cite this article:	Braun, A. M., Davis, T. J., Kwakernaak, M. H., Michalchuk, J. J., Ulmer, A., Chan, W. K., Abeles, J. H., Shellenbarger, Z. A., Jau, Y-Y., Happer, W., McClelland, T., Fruehauf, H., Drap, R., Weidemann, W., Variakojis, M., "RF-Interrogated End-State Chip-Scale Atomic Clock," Proceedings of the 39th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Meeting, Long Beach, California, November 2007, pp. 233-248.
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