9:00 a.m. - 10:30 a.m. PST	Optically Derived Ultrastable Microwaves	Dr. Franklyn Quinlan, NIST
10:45 a.m. - 11:45 a.m. PST	Optical Atomic Clocks: Past, Present, and Future	Dr. Judith Olson, Infleqtion
11:45 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. PST Buffet luncheon for tutorial attendees
1:00 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. PST	Building the Coordinated Universal Time	Dr. Patrizia Tavella, Time department Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
2:15 p.m. - 3:15 p.m. PST	Introduction to IEEE 1588 - The Precision Time Protocol (PTP)	Dr. Doug Arnold, Meinberg
3:30 p.m. - 4:30 p.m. PST	Synchronization and Coexistence in Quantum Networks	Ivan Burenkov, NIST

Optically Derived Ultrastable Microwaves

Time: Monday, January 22, 9:00 a.m. - 10:30 a.m.

This tutorial will review optical methods of RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave generation, with discussions of key components and methods. Trade-offs in performance with size, weight and power will be presented. Particular attention will be given to optical frequency division, the microwave signal generation technique that delivers record short-term and long-term stability.

Dr. Frank Quinlan is leader of the Precision Photonics Synthesis Group in NIST’s Time and Frequency Division. His research interests include compact optical frequency references, optical frequency combs, and high-speed photodetection.

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Optical Atomic Clocks: Past, Present, and Future

Time: Monday, January 22, 10:45 a.m. - 11:45 a.m.

Optical atomic clocks will be discussed from the earliest attempts at building and testing them through modern day advanced ion, lattice, and molecule clocks. A look at future commercial optical atomic clocks and potential nuclear atomic clocks will be given.

Dr. Judith Olson is an expert on optical clocks, with a PhD from CU Boulder and NIST and a postdoc in NIST's timescale group. She now leads Infleqtion's clock group.

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11:45 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. PST Buffet luncheon for tutorial attendees

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Building the Coordinated Universal Time

Time: Monday, January 22, 1:00 p.m. - 2:00 p.m.

What time is it? The international time reference UTC is built by the BIPM using about 450 atomic clocks and frequency standards maintained in 85 national time laboratories ensuring a relative accuracy of 2*10-16. Sporadic leap seconds keep UTC in agreement with the rotation of the Earth. But something is changing…

Dr. Patrizia Tavella is currently the director of the Time Department Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (France). Previously, she served for 30 years at the Italian Metrology Institute (INRIM). She holds a degree in Physics and PhD in Metrology.

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Introduction to IEEE 1588 - The Precision Time Protocol (PTP)

Time: Monday, January 22, 2:15 p.m. - 3:15 p.m.

This presentation will provide a tutorial introduction to the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) defined by the standard IEEE 1588-2019. PTP was developed to provide time transfer through standard packet-switched networks for applications that require time transfer accuracy on the order of a microsecond or less. The tutorial will describe the types of network nodes that participate in the protocol, network delay mechanisms, and methods for establishing a network timing spanning tree. Because PTP is used in numerous industries and specialized use cases, the protocol includes many optional features and describes how a profile for a specific industry or application is defined. Popular PTP Profiles will be described. The IEEE 1588 working is currently working on amendments to expand the capabilities of PTP. An update on these activities will also be presented.

Dr. Doug Arnold is a Principal Technologist at Meinberg USA. His duties include standards development, technical marketing and pre-sales support. He is currently chair of the IEEE 1588 Working Group, Co-chair of the ISPCS PTP Plugfest Committee, Technical Editor of IEEE P1952, Technical Editor of IEEE P3335, Co-Author of the IETF draft Enterprise Profile for PTP, and author of the “Five Minute Facts About Packet Timing” blog. He has more than 20 years of experience designing and specifying precise timing technology. Dr. Arnold holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from University of Illinois.

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Synchronization and Coexistence in Quantum Networks

Time: Monday, January 22, 3:30 p.m. - 4:30 p.m.

Quantum networking pushes the limits of the existing clock synchronization protocols. This tutorial will introduce basic quantum network protocols and synchronization requirements. Then I will present the evaluation of the High-Accuracy PTP protocol from a quantum networking standpoint and discuss challenges and possible remedies.

Ivan A. Burenkov is an assistant research scientist at the Joint Quantum Institute at NIST. His current interests broadly cover quantum optics with research related to quantum networks and communication, and quantum biophotonics.

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