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Session D6b: Smartphone-Based Localization

Performance Evaluation of the Latest Smartphones and Smartwatch Using GNSS Raw Measurements
Joohan Chun, Jacob Mark Spagnolli, Tanner Holmes, Ashton Unzicker, Dong-Kyeong Lee, Tim Everett, Dennis M. Akos, University of Colorado Boulder
Location: Grand Ballroom ABC
Date/Time: Thursday, May. 1, 1:50 p.m.

Google Smartphone Decimeter Challenge (GSDC) led to significant improvements in smartphone positioning over the past few years. Building upon this progress, our study pursues two main objectives. First, we evaluate the latest GNSS chipset performance across major smartphone manufacturers—including the Google Pixel 9, Pixel 6/7/8, Samsung S24, Xiaomi 14T Pro, and the Samsung Galaxy Watch 7—focusing on newly released devices not covered in the GSDC. This enables a closer examination of device-specific behaviors and limitations that remain underexplored. Second, we apply precise GNSS techniques such as DGNSS, PPK and PPP using RTKLIB, leveraging Tim Everett’s smartphone-optimized RTKLIB variant, which emerged from GSDC efforts. Using NMEA solutions as a baseline, we compare performance across positioning modes. Our findings show that all tested devices achieved reliable performance with RTKLIB, with PPK float accuracy reaching the 1-meter level. Preliminary results also suggest that the Galaxy Watch 7 delivers reasonable pseudorange quality and DGNSS capability. By offering insights into raw GNSS measurement quality and providing practical data processing recommendations, this study contributes to ongoing efforts to improve precise positioning on Android devices.
Keywords—smartphone, smartwatch, GNSS raw measurement, DGNSS, PPK, PPP, RTKLIB

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