Status and Future Trends in Navigation

Track Chair: Dr. Sudha Vana, Rx Networks

GNSS APPLICATIONS IN SPACE
Space service volume; space-grade GNSS receivers for re-entering vehicles; improving spacecraft positioning using inter-satellite links; satellite laser ranging; innovative solutions for constellation build-up and maintenance; use of GNSS for orbit and attitude determination as well as precise orbit determination; moon navigation; and emerging space positioning applications. Advanced positioning techniques in space, such as snapshot-based positioning on the ground and in space, and interplanetary navigation.
Chairs:
Jiahuan Hu, York University
Florian Kunzi, German Aerospace Center (DLR)

SPECTRUM: PROTECTION AND OPTIMIZATION
Protection and optimization of the RNSS spectrum against the effects of interference, jamming and spoofing in safety-critical applications, automation, autonomous vehicles and civilian use cases. Effects of interference, jamming, meaconing and spoofing on GNSS receivers, signal-to-noise ratio, data authenticity and authentication, ranging and position authentication, navigation system integrity, and denial of service. Interference detection, characterization, geolocation. Hardware and/or software-based mitigation techniques. Civilian anti-jam and/or anti-spoofing methods and algorithms. Civilian incidences of modern threats and challenges to GNSS applications. Optimization of GNSS spectrum usage for future navigation solutions, including optimum exploitation and sharing of the available bandwidth. Use of new frequency bands and signals of opportunity (such as LEO-based broadband signals, alternative RF signal sources, 5G/6G) for navigation. Regulatory and legal aspects of spectrum management.
Chairs:
Stefan Wallner, European Space Agency
Dr. Zeynep Andreotti, Hexagon

TECHNOLOGIES FOR SCIENTIFIC AND SECTORIAL APPLICATIONS
Technologies for scientific and sectorial applications such as the smart/digital tachograph, road tolling systems, geo-tagging of photos, emergency location, remote sensing applications and climate change. Advances in PNT technologies, rules and policies for scientific and industrial ap-plications such as  advanced air mobility, road safety systems, railway signaling, maritime and rail traffic monitoring, wildlife tracking, emergency location services, augmented reality, personal navigation, and timing for critical infrastructures. Solutions improving positioning using GNSS, inertial navigation, signals of opportunity, image-based localization, and multi-sensor fusion in the context of challenging environments, constrained platform resources and limited infrastructure availability. Alternative PNT technologies, synergies of unconventional sensors used for positioning, and innovative methods for state estimation.
Chairs:
Dr. Omar García Crespillo, German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Dr. Elisa Gallon, Airbus Defence and Space

TRENDS IN FUTURE SATELLITE NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Innovations in satellite constellation design for navigation and integrated communication/navigation. Proposals for interoperability of GNSS constellations. Optimization of GNSS signal structure via codes and data messages. The latest technologies such as extremely stable frequency standards on-board navigation satellites. Future GNSS open and authorized services such as search and rescue, authentication, or commercial services. New civil, military, commercial and governmental systems, and user capabilities. Optimization and integration of satellite navigation with other systems, sensors and/or signals of opportunity. Analysis of GNSS performance standards for new services and functionality.
Chairs:
Dr. Vijaykumar Bellad, Rx Networks
Sharbel Kozhaya, The Ohio State University

TRENDS IN GNSS AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS
Evolving multi-GNSS and GNSS augmentation system integrity designs (ARAIM), monitoring, fault exclusion, protection level algorithms, testing, and results. Upcoming trends in automated navigation for aviation, automotive, rail, maritime, and other transportation applications. GNSS faults including satellite and constellation failure modes, external threats including spoofing, and the detection of various anomalies, which are critical to the safe and effective use of GNSS now and for emerging market needs. Correction services that can be used as augmentation for PPP, PPP-AR, PPP-RTK (SSR and OSR corrections). Dissemination of integrity support information via high and low-capacity data channels. Status and evolution of existing GBAS and SBAS (WAAS, MSAS, EGNOS, GAGAN, SDCM, AGNOS, KASS).
Chairs:
Dr. Nacer Naciri, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Dr. Anurag Raghuvanshi, York University

PANEL:  STATUS OF GPS, GALILEO, BDS, QZSS, KPS, AND NAVIC
(Presentations by invitation only)
 This panel session provides an update on the world’s satellite-based navigation systems. A representative for each system will provide a system overview, summarize current or planned characteristics and performance, report recent programmatic events, update schedule and plans, and summarize ongoing interactions with other service providers. Questions from the audience are encouraged. 
Moderators:
Dr. Todd Walter, Stanford University
Dr. José Ángel Ávila Rodríguez, European Space Agency

Navigation for Mass Market

Track Chair: Dr. Melania Susi, Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc.

ADVANCES IN HIGH ACCURACY POSITIONING
Advancements in algorithms for high accuracy positioning, such as Precise Point Positioning (PPP), Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and PPP-RTK. Methods for reducing the convergence time using multi-frequency GNSS measurements, the design of algorithms tuned for measurements from mass-market devices, and robust techniques for high accuracy under challenging signal reception conditions. The characterization of both satellite-based and internet-based open correction services and the exploitation of signals from new satellite constellations for high accuracy solutions.
Chairs:
Dr. Simon Banville, Xona Space Systems
Dr. Ignacio Fernández Hernández, European Commission

APPLICATIONS OF GNSS MEASUREMENTS FROM SMARTPHONES 
Many smartphones provide multi-constellation dual and multi-frequency raw GNSS measurements. Measurements from a variety of sensors, including inertial sensors, are also available and can be used in combination with GNSS measurements to improve the positioning solutions in complex environments. We invite contributions that look at enhanced positioning techniques in smartphones, e.g., based on Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) algorithms; improved stochastic modelling for GNSS smartphone observables; and algorithms and multi-sensor fusion for better indoor, outdoor, and urban-canyon positioning. Other topics of interest include: the integration with applications requiring reliable positioning solutions; jamming, spoofing detection and mitigation; use of smartphone raw GNSS measurements for scientific applications, such as geosciences; and smartphone GNSS antenna quality assessment.
Chairs:
Dr. Mohammed Khider, Google Inc.
Cecile Deprez, German Aerospace Center (DLR)

HARSH URBAN AND INDOOR GNSS
Methods for improving the accuracy and reliability of GNSS receivers in dense urban areas and inside buildings, including advanced signal processing techniques, NLOS and multipath detection and mitigation techniques, resilient multi-epoch positioning algorithms with outlier detection, aiding from 3D and 2D mapping, safe and reliable navigation with integrity position bound and fault detection and exclusion, aiding from inertial and other sensors, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point Positioning techniques (PPP). Methods for enhancing urban and indoor positioning accuracy and reliability using GNSS, machine learning, signals of opportunity, beacons, and combinations of these technologies.
Chairs:
Dr. Terry Moore, University of Nottingham
Dr. Ilaria Martini, u-blox

LATEST ADVANCEMENT FROM GNSS RECEIVER AND LOCALIZATION ALGORITHM MANUFACTURERS (TEN-MINUTE PITCHES TO INDUSTRY NIRVANA)
GNSS receivers and localization algorithms are experiencing a steady evolution of market differentiating KPIs, such as - performance, size, cost, new services, lower power consumption, interference resilience and new features. Several GNSS receivers, including mass-market products, are multi-constellation and multi-frequency with the support of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) or Precise Point Positioning (PPP) services such as the Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS), Beidou B2b correction service and augmentation with LEO and 5G based positioning services. Authentication and anti-jamming capabilities are supported as well. In this special session, the latest advancements, services and future products from GNSS receiver manufacturers, localization software experts and service providers are explored and presented. The session is organized in short ten-minute presentations providing an overview of the current and future developments in the complex and always evolving GNSS landscape.
Chairs:
Steve Malkos, Google Inc.
Dr. Paul McBurney, OneNav Inc.

NAVIGATION AND POSITIONING
Navigation and positioning methods and algorithms for the mass-market sector. Techniques for improving the robustness of the algorithms under challenging conditions, including interference events, such as jamming or ionospheric scintillation. Navigation and localization through map building, collaborative pedestrian and robot navigation, pose estimation for humans and robots, and perception of the environment for autonomous operations. The use of a variety of sensors, including but not limited to LiDAR, cameras, INS, UWB, BLE, Wi-Fi, mmWave, magnetometers, and ultrasound, in various scenarios, including indoor environments.
Chairs:
Dr. João Francisco Galera Monico, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
Dr. Heidi Kuusniemi, University of Vaasa

POSITIONING TECHNOLOGIES AND MACHINE LEARNING
The exponential development of machine learning techniques, such as deep neural networks, has impacted many fields, including navigation. This session explores the application of modern ma-chine learning techniques to open new applications in navigation and related fields. Topics include signal improvement, filtering and selection, online and offline multi-sensor algorithms, detection and mitigation of spoofing and jamming, use of novel sensors and observables, clock modeling and characterization, and scientific applications including ionospheric and atmospheric analyses. On the machine learning side, techniques not traditionally applied to navigation are of interest, including deep neural networks, boosting, graphical models, interpretable machine learning, semi- and unsupervised learning. Reproducible results and public datasets are of particular interest.
Chairs:
Kinga Wezka, Warsaw University of Technology
Dr. Tara Mina, Stanford University

PANEL: DIGITAL REALITY AND PNT
(Presentations by invitation only)
Digital reality, including augmented, virtual and mixed reality, is becoming widespread in different fields such as entertainment, sports, health, first responder, autonomous driving, indoor/urban navigation, and space applications. This technology can assist in enhancing perception skills, offering im-mersive visualization experiences, acquiring visual information from the environment, and identifying obstacles in challenging and dynamic scenarios. Digital information can also be overlayed to a live im-age enhancing the user operation capabilities and decision-making. This panel explores the advancements, opportunities, and challenges of digital reality in relationship to positioning and navigation.
Moderators:
Dr. Charles Toth, The Ohio State University
Dr. Valérie Renaudin, Université Gustave Eiffel