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ION Proceedings


1995 National Technical Meeting Proceedings
"Navigating The 90’s: Technology, Applications, and Policy"

January 18-29, 1995
Disneyland Hotel - Anaheim, CA

Table of Contents

Plenary Session: PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS

A National Approach to Augmented GPS
James Arnold, FAA; John Martel, Overlook Systems Technologies; Rob DeBolt, Institute
for Telecommunication Sciences;
Sally Frodge, U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center 3-9
FAA Implementation Planning for the Use of GPS in Air Navigation and Landing
Michael Shaw, FAA; Theodore Simpson, Adsystech Inc.; Kanwaljit Sandhoo, The MITRE Corporation 11-18
The Establishment of a GPS Continuously Operating Reference Station System as a Framework for the National Spatial Reference System
William Strange & Lt. Neil Weston, NOAA 19-24
Augmented Global Positioning System (AGPS) - An Extended WAAS
Mohan Ananda, Prem Munjal, & K.T. Woo, The Aerospace Corporation 25-38

Session A1: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTS

ICAO All Weather Operations Panel Evaluation of New Technologies for Approach, Landing, and Departure Phases of Flight
Rick Cassell, Rannoch Corp.; Greg Joyner, FAA; Bjorn Berglund, Swedish Civil Aviation Administration 41-50
The International Implementation of Navigation Services for Civil Aviation in the Asia/Pacific Region
Brian O’Keefe, Civil Aviation Authority 51-61
The Technical Implementation of a Common European Programme for Satellite Navigation
Andrew Watt & Dr. John Storey, EUROCONTROL 63-70
Constellation Options for Future Civil GNSS
Giorgio Solari, European Space Agency; Pedro Pablos, GMV 71-78
Consideration of Practical Visibility of Geostationary Augmentation Satellites from Aircraft
George Kinal, Inmarsat 79-87
Recent GPS Activities in the Republic of China on Taiwan
Dr. Wang Tang, ARINC; Dr. David Liu & Dr. Tai-Ping Hsiung, CAST/ITRI 89-94

Session A2: MILITARY APPLICATIONS

Navigation Message Correction Tables: A Proposal
Dr. Jim Butts, bd Systems Inc.; Capt. Chris Shank, U.S. Air Force 97-104
Interference to DoD Use of GPS
Lt. Ricardo Layton, U.S. Air Force/SMC; Steve Lazar, Jim McKay, & Srini Raghaven,
The Aerospace Corp. 105-112
Advanced Transfer Alignment for Inertial Navigators (A-Train)
Wililam Graham & Kevin Shortelle, System Dynamics International, Inc. 113-124
Enhanced Air Training Effectiveness With GPS Based Positioning
Raymond Bontempi & Stan Goldstein, ITT Avionics 125-130
Advanced Alignment Concepts for Precision-Guided Weapons
Kevin Shortelle & William Graham, System Dynamics International, Inc. 131-142

Session B1: AIRBORNE NAVIGATION I

FAA/Ohio University/UPS Autoland Flight Test Results
Dr. Frank van Graas & Dr. David Diggle, Ohio University; Victor Wullschleger & Rubin Velez, FAA Tech Center; Greg Kuehl & Robert Hilb, United Parcel Service; Mark Dimeo, SRC 145-156



Preliminary Results of Category III Precision Landing With 110 Automatic Landings of a
United Boeing 737 Using GNSS Integrity Beacons
Clark Cohen, David Lawrence, H. Stewart Cobb, Boris Pervan, J. David Powell, & Bradford Parkinson,
Stanford University; Gerald Aubrey & William Loewe, United Airlines; Douglas Ormiston,
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group; B. David McNally & David Kaufmann, NASA Ames Research Center;
Victor Wullschleger, FAA Tech Center; Ray Swider, FAA 157-166
FAA’s Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) System Summary of Cross-Country Flight Test
Robert Loh, Innovative Solutions International; Victor Wullschleger, FM; Rob Butler,
Transport Canada Aviation 167-173
Availability versus Availability What Does It Really Mean?
Dr. Trent Skidmore, Ohio University 175-180
Description of Requirements Analyses to Support Development of an FAA Position on
Use of GPS as a Primary Means of Navigation in Oceanic and Remote Airspace
Dr. Young Lee & James Fernow, The MITRE Corporation 181-192
Wide Area DGPS Integrity Architecture
Tysen Mueller, Teal Consulting; John Jubin & Art Stone, Rockwell 193-202
Satellite Navigation Accuracy and Availability Modeling as an Air Traffic Management Tool
Mitch Sams, Wilcox Electric; A. J. Van Dierendonck & Quyen Hua, GPS Silicon Valley 203-213
Real Time GPS Pseudorange Multipath Correction
Ronald Brown & Jim Ward, E-Systems 215-220

Session B2:
SPACE-BASED RADIONAVIGATION: ALGORITHMS AND SOFTWARE

Object Oriented Spherical Interface Position System (OOSIPS)
James Stephen Schaefer, Computer Solutions, Inc 223-229
High-Accuracy Differential Positioning for Satellite-Based Systems Without Using Code-Phase Measurement
Dr. Frank van Grass & Shane-Woei Lee, Ohio University 231-239
Fault Detection and Exclusion Performance Using GPS and GLONASS
Karen Van Dyke, DOT Volpe Center 241-250
Self-Calibration of Pseudorange Errors by GPS Two-Frequency Receivers
Gregory Bishop, USAF Phillips Lab; Andrew Mazzella, RDP, Inc.; Elizabeth Holland,
Northwest Research Assoc 251-259
Error Budgets for Space-Based Users of GPS
Dr. Jay Scwartz, Neil Fox, Nicholas George, & Timothy Orndorff, Aviec Systems, Inc.;
William Webster, USNRL 261-268
An Aiternative Closed Form Solution to the GPS Pseudorange Equations
Joseph Leva, The MITRE Corporation 269-275
Performance Evaluation of the Multipath Estimating Delay Lock Loop
Bryan Townsend, Patrick Fenton, & Keith Van Dierendonck, NovAtel; D.J. Richard van Nee, TU DeIft 277-283

Session B3:
LAND APPLICATIONS

Real-Time GPS Land Surveying
Rick Gefsrud, Xinhua Qin, & William Martin, Ashtech, Inc 287-292
Evaluation of Radionavigation Systems in an Urban Environment
Benjamin Peterson & Michael McKaughan, U.S.C.G. Academy; Lance Miller, Science Applications
International;
Steven Bartlett, North Carolina State University 293-302
Urban Location Simulation and Treatment of Multipath Effects
Timothy Omdorff & Dr. Jay Schwartz, Avtec Systems, Inc.; James Pautler, Pinpoint Communications, Inc. 303-312
Performance of OTF Ambiguity Resolution Search Algorithms for
Real Time Positioning Under Varying Conditions
Dr. David Walsh, ISN, University of Leeds; Prof. Vidal Ashkenazi, University of Nottingham;
Dr. Geraint Ffoulkes-Jones, Navstar Systems Ltd. 313-321
Error Seperation Concept in Experimantal TEC Monitoring Network
Arne Jungstand, Dr. Evelin Engler, Dr. Esther Sardon, & Dr. Dietmar Klahn,
German Aerospace Research Establishment 323-335
Eurofix: GNSS Augmented Loran-C & Loran-C Augmented GNSS
Dr. Durk van Willigen, Edward Breeuwer, Gerard Offermans, & Dr. Jos Weber, DeIft University
of Technology;
Jan Andersen, Megapulse, Inc. 337-344


Session C1: Airborne Navigation II

Analysis of Recent Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Flight Tests
Franklin Haas, Jr. & Marie Lage, Stanford Telecom 347-355
Availability Analysis of GPS Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
Space Segment Considering Continuity Requirements

Curtis Shively, The MITRE Corporation 357-369
International Wide Area Differential GPS Networks
Mohamed Abousalem & James McLellan, Pu/search Navigation Systems, Inc.; Ed Whatley,
CUE Network Corp.; Dr. Paul Galyean, ACCQPOINT Communications Corporation 371-379
FAA/Transport Canada GPS Ashtech Z-12 Test Results
Giant Youngdahl, Federal Aviation Administration 381-385
Alarm Limits for Local-DGPS Integrity Monitoring
Ronald Braff, The MITRE Corporation 387-399
GPS/IRS/FMS Integration for RNP Airspace Operations
Tom McDavid, Timothy Murphy, & George Sotolongo, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group 401-412
GPS-Based Terrain Avoidance Systems
- A Solution for General Aviation Controlled Flight into Terrain
Jonathan Baldwin, Rick Cassell, & Alexander Smith, Rannoch Corporation 413-417

Session C2:
SPACE-BASED RADIONAVIGATION: HARDWARE

Architecture Results From the Leeds University 20 Channel GNSS Receiver
Dr. Stuart Riley & Prof. Peter Daly, ISN, Leeds University 421-430
An Improved GPS Cesium Frequency Standard
Dr. Terry Flanagan, Dennis Breuner, & Charles McKnett, JAYCOR; Leonard Cutler, Robin Giffard, &
Jack Kusters, Hewlett Packard; Robert Kern, Michael Delaney, & Jeffry Wisnia, Kernco, Inc. 431-437
The Z-12 Performance Advantage
Robert Lorenz & Sergei Gourevitch, Ashtech, Inc. 439-444
A BiDirectional Antenna for Providing a Back Course Using the Contemporary ILS Localizer
Richard McFarland, Ohio University 445-451
A Prototype Loran Augmented GPS
Jan Andersen & Charles Sweet, Megapulse 453-462

Session C3:
MARINE APPLICATIONS

Results of Electronic Chart Pilot Project
Irene Gonin, U.S. Coast Guard; Julian Goodyear, Canadian Hydrographic Service;
Andrew Lawrence, U.S. Coast Guard Cutter RED WOOD 465-471
The Diversity of Intelligent Ship Navigation Systems
J. Blake Bullock & Dr. Edward Krakiwsky, University of Calgary; Michael Casey, Canadian
Hydrographic Service 473-482
Results of USCG April 1994 Sea Trials on Updating an ENC
Irene Gonin & Marylouise Dowd, U.S. Coast Guard, R&D Center 483-493
Using DGPS to Measure the Heave Motion of Hydrographic Survey Vessels
Peter Kielland, Canadian Hydrographic Service; John Hagglund, Nortech Surveys 495-504
Performance of the Real-Time On-The-fly GPS Positioning System on Board a Dredge
Sally Frodge, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Vicky Labrecque & Richard Barker, John E.
Chance & Associates, Inc. 505-513
Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Navigation System for the Decade
Dr. Chong Lee & Christos Agoros, Naval Undersea Waifare Center; Dominick Carlino, DJC Analytics 515-523

Session D1:
DGPS AND WADGPS

Commercial Alternatives to WADGPS
Philip Stutes, John E. Chance & Associates 527-530

The Ionospheric Model Improvement for the Stanford WAAS Network
Yi-chung Chao, Yeou-jyh Tsai, Todd Walter, Changdon Kee, Per Enge, &
Brad Parkinson, Stanford University 531-538
Evaluation of Orbit and Clock Models for Real Time WAAS
Yeou-jyh Tsai,Yi-chung Chao, Todd Walter, Changdon Kee, David Powell, Per Enge, & Brad Parkinson, Stanford University
539-547
Accuracy Performance of DASA’s Integrated Navigation & Landing System
Dr. Jochen Meyer-Hilberg & Dr. Thomas Jacob, DASA, 89070 ULM, Germany 549-556
PPS Pseudolites: Utilization of Y-Code on L2 for Transmitting Integrity/Precision Approach Data
Karl Kovach & Arturo Fernandez, ARINC Research 557-565
Space-Based Navigational System Accuracy Performance Model
Andrew Johnson, Rockwell; Tysen Mueller, Teal Consulting; Erik Christofferson, Rockwell 567-576

Session D2:
SPACE APPLICATIONS

Precision Orbit Determination in the Geosat Orbit
Dr. Kenn Gold, Dr. George Born, Kelly Irish, Angie Reichert, Rob Markin, Patrick Binning, &
Dr. Penina Axeirad, University of Colorado; Dr. Scott Mitchell & Dr. William Frazier, BallAerospace;
Dr. Willy Bertiger & Dr. George Hajj, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 579-591
Real-Time GPS Relative Navigation Flight Experiment
Heather Hinkel, NASA, JSC; Dr. Young Park, McDonnel Douglas Aerospace;
Dr. Wigbert Fehse, ESA/ETSEC 593-601
Multipath Environment for Space Station Global Positioning System
Dr. Shian Hwu & Ba Lu, Lockheed; Robert Panneton & Penny Saunders, NASA, JSC 603-609
An Automated Low-Earth Orbit Determination System With High Accuracy Real-Time Capability
Dr. Stephen Lichten, Ronald Mullerschoen, Jeffrey Srinivasan, Dr. Ulf Lindqwister, Timothy Munson,
Dr. Sien-Chong Wu, Dr. Bruce Haines, Joseph Guinn, & Dr. Lawrence Young, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 611-619
Ground Based GPS Integrity Monitoring in the Presence of SA: A Comparison of Two Statistical Tests
Dr. Lonnie Rater, McD onnel Douglas Aerospace; Moises Montez, NASA, JSC 621-629
GPS on the International Space Station Alpha
Penny Saunders, NASA, JSC; Gregory Barton, CSDL 631-639
Precise Kinematic Positioning with Simultaneous GPS Pseudorange and Carrier Phase Measurements
Sien-Chong Wu & Thomas Yunck, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 641-647

Session D3:
INERTIAL AND INTEGRATED NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility (CIGTF) Testing of a Depolarized Fiber Optic Gyro
Inertial Sensor Assembly

Jerry Page & Daniel Sugarbaker, Smiths Industries 651-656
Synergistic Interferometric GPS-INS
Daniel Tazartes, Robert Buchier, Howell Tipton, & Robert Grethel, Litton Guidance & Control Systems 657-671
The Design, Implementation and Performance of a GPS Resident Close Coupled GPS-INS
Integration Filter
Hugh Wightwick, Cossor Electronics; Robert Wade & John Owen, Defence Research Agency 673-681
Integration of Navigation Systems for Fault Detection, Exclusion, and Integrity
Determination
- Without WAAS
Dr. John Diesel & Janet King, Litton Aero Products 683-692
On the Importance of GPS Anti-Jam Capability In the Tradeoff of INS Accuracy vs. GPS Complexity
Stephen Rounds, Interstate Electronics Corporation 693-698

Session E1:
AIRBORNE APPLICATIONS

An Analysis of Differential and Absolute GPS Aircraft Positioning
Dr. Gerard Lachapelle, Dr. M. Elizabeth Cannon, Weigen Qiu, & Chris Varner, The University of Calgary 701-710
Carrier Phase Differential GPS Integrated with an Inertial Navigation System:
flight Test Evaluation with Auto-Coupled Precision Landing Guidance
R. Paicili, R. Bach, B. McNally, R. Simmons, D. Warner, T. Forsyth, & G. Kanning, NASA Ames Research Center;
C. Ahtye, D. Kaufmann, & J. Walton, Sterling Software 711-724

Experimental Results of Thne Synchronization Between Two Aircraft Using GPS
Dr. Phillip Moser & Patricia Hasenfang, Avtec Systems, Inc.; William Webster, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory;
Stuart Nicholson, SNC 725-731
Exdrone Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Moving Map Display
James Hainmack & Robert Mullen, Naval Research Laboratory 733-736
The Application of a PC-Based GNSS Receiver Performance Simulator to the
Assessment of Various Safety-Critical Aspects of Aviation Navigation
C. Dixon, BNR Europe Limited & Leeds University 737-746
The Diversity of Intelligent Air Navigation Systems
J. Blake Bullock & Dr. Edward Krakiwsky, The University of Calgary; Neil Grant,
Aeronautical Charts Service; Kenneth Grandia, Intera Information Technologies Corporation 747-754
Training, Safety and Design Considerations for GPS Use by Pilots in Wilderness and
Other Featureless Terrain Areas

Dr. Dale DeRemer, University of North Dakota 755-760

Session E2: SPACE APPLICATIONS: ATTITUDE DETERMINATION

Mitigating Measurement Errors in a Low Cost Satellite Attitude Determination System
Bruce Chesley & Dr. Penina Axelrad, University of Colorado 763-774
Attitude Determination of the Extreme Ultra-Violet Explorer (EUVE) Using GPS
Eleanor Ketchum & Roger Hart, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center 775-782
Performance Analysis of an
Integrated GPS/Inertial Attitude Determination System
Wendy Sullivan, Princeton Satellite Systems 783-791
GPS Attitude Determine Performance Evaluation Using Ground Test Data
Susan Gomez & James Carpenter, NASA, JSC;
Dr. Cary Semar, McDonnell Douglas Aerospace 793-802
A Pointing System Requiring No Ambiguity Resolution: Theory,
Design, and Performance
Dr. Lawrence Weill, Magellan Systems & Department of Mathematics, Cal State University 803-812
Spacecraft Attitude Estimation Using GPS: Methodology and Results for RADCAL
Lisa Ward & Dr. Penina Axeirad, University of Colorado 813-825
Fixing the GPS Bad Attitude: Modeling GPS Satellite YAW During Eclipse Seasons
Dr. Yoaz Bar-Sever, JPL; Joseph Anselmi, The Aerospace Corporation; Dr. William Bertiger &
Edgar Davis, JPL 827-834
lonosheric Delays for Simulation of GPS Users in Near Earth’s Surface Navigation
(paper originally presented at The Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation
7th International Technical Meeting, ION GPS-94)
Haywood Satz, Independent Consultant 835-841

Authors Index 843-844

Conference Registrants 845-853