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ION Proceedings


PROCEEDINGS ION GPS-95

The 8th International Technical Meeting of
The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation

September 12-15, 1995
Palm Springs Convention Center - Palm Springs, CA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Plenary Session

GPS - The Ultima Thule of Navigation
James Schlesinger, Keynote Speaker ION GPS-95 3-6
Panel Discussion: GPS Critical Technology, Policy, and Institutional Issues
Moderator: Keith McDonald, Sat Tech Systems; Panel Members: Dr. James Schlesinger, Joseph Canny,
Gil Klinger, Larry Adams, Charles Trimble, Dr. Scott Pace, and Col. John Caldwell, USAF 7-14


Session A1: Surveying and Geodesy

A Comparison of GPS and Satellite Altimetry for Height Monitoring on an Offshore Production Platform
Moira Tighe and John Macgregor, Shell UK Exploration and Production 17-23
A GPS Positioning Results Using Precise Satellite Ephemerides, Clock Corrections and
Ionospheric Grid Model with Jupiter
Yang Gao, James McLellan, and Mohamed Abousalem, Pulsearch Navigation Systems, Inc. 25-34
A Compact Earth Tides Algorithm for WADGPS
James Sinko, SRI International 35-44
Evaluation of DoD GPS Satellite Orbits Using NASA Laser Ranging Data
James O’Toole and Michael Memgan, Naval Surface Warfare Center 45-54
Improved Ambiguity Resolution by Regional Differential Modeling of the Ionosphere
Lambert Wanninger, TU Dresden, Germany 55-62
An Efficient Algorithm for Batch Estimation of Non-Dynamic Parameters of Double-Differenced
GPS Phase Measurement
H. Rim, B. Schutz, and B. Tapley, University of Texas at Austin 63-71
Determining Earth Orientation by Global Positioning System at the US Naval Observatory
Peter Kammeyer and James Rhode, US Naval Observatory 73-81
Programme of Research of CEI (Central European Initiative) Countries in Geodesy and Geodynamics
Janusz Sledzinski, Warsaw University of Technology 83-91
Sakhalin Island GPS Survey: A Case History
Paul Godwin, Mobile Oil Corporation; Sergey Duginov, Romona Ltd.; John Brown, Geodetic Technology 93-104
Economics of GPS and CORS
William Young, Riverside; Yehuda Bock and Shelley Marquez, Scripps Institute of Oceanography 105-113


Session B1: Product Announcements

Open Architecture Design for GPS Applications
Yves Théroux, Canadian Marconi Company 117-121
Two Piece Chipset for GPS Makes a Four Chip GPS Receiver
Philip Mattos, SGS-Thomson Microelectronics 123-132
What’s New From NovAtel
Simon Newby and Wendy Corcoran, NovAtel Communications Ltd. 133-140
GPS Tensor™ GPS Receiver for Attitude and Orbit Determination
J. Kurt Brock, Space Systems/LORAL 141-142
Hitachi HGA-D Fiber Optic Gyroscope for Vehicular Applications
Bob Yoshida, Hitachi Cable America; Vincent Martinelli, Corning Incorporated 143-146
Honeywell’s DGPS Local Area Augmentation System Ground Station
Steve Serfling, Honeywell 147-156
Starwatch ™: An Off-the-Shelf GPS Asset Location System
John Lavrakas, Advanced Research Corporation 157-160
The XR5-PC12 - Position and Time/Frequency From a Single Plug-in Module
Tony Haddrell, Navstar Systems Ltd. 161-166
Ashtech RTZ, Real-Time Kinematic GPS with OTF Initialization
Sergei Gourevjtch, Frank van Diggelen, Xinhua Qin, and Mark Kuhi, Ashtech 167-170



Session C1: Space Applications

An Autonomous GNSS-based Orbit Determination System for Low-Earth Observation Satellites
Jorge Potti, Juan Carlos Carmona, and Pelayo Bermedo, GMV S.A..; Pierluigi Silvestrin, ESA/ESTEC 173-182
Results of a Automated GPS Tracking System in Support of Topex/Poseidon and GPSMet
Ronald Muellerschoen, Stephen Lichten, Ulf Lindqwister, and Willy Bertiger, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 183-193
GPS Multipath Modeling and Verification Using Geometrical Theory of Diffraction
Susan Gomez, Robert Panneton, and Penny Saunders, NASA/LBJ Space Center;
Shian and Ba Lu, Lockheed Martin 195-204
Application of Fuzzy Logic and Multisensor Data Fusion Techniques to On-board GPS-based Spacecraft Navigation
Stefano Giacomini, University of Milano; Livio Marradi, LABEN SpA 205-216
GPS Autonomous Relative Navigation and Time Transfer for Orbiting Space Vehicles
Duncan B. Cox, Jr., DBC Communications, Inc.; John D.W. Brading, Brading Systems and Technology 217-228
GPS Tracking Experiment of a Dree-flyer Deployed from Space Shuffle
Bob Schutz, P.A.M. Abusali, Christine Schroeder, and Byron Tapley, University of Texas at Austin;
Michael Exner and Rick McCloskey, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research;
Russell Carpenter, Michael Cooke, and Samantha McDonald, NASA/Johnson Space Center;
Nick Combs, University of Houston; Courtney Duncan, Charles Dunn, and Tom Meehan, NASA/JPL 229-235
GPS Receiver Design and Requirement Analysis for the Stanford Gravity Probe B Relativity Mission
Hirohiko Uematsu and Bradford Parkinson, Stanford University; E Glenn Lightsey, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center 237-246
National Satellite Testbed (NSTB) GPS Satellite Clock/Ephemeris Determination Analysis and Results
Scott Pogorelc, Mark Lorenz, Kelly Murdock, Brent Harding, Tim Cashin, and Donna Kraus, Stanford Telecommunications 247-256
GPS Techniques for Navigation of Geostationary Satellites
Pascale Ferrage, Jean-Luc Issler, Genevieve Campan, and Jean-Claude Durand,
French National Space Agency (CNES) 257-268
Relative GPS Navigation for ATV Rendezvous
Michael Frezet, Herve Marcille, Virginie Pascal, and Jean Michael Pairot, Matra Marconi Space;
Hubert Barth, Massimo Cislaghi, and Uhich Thomas, European Space Agency 269-278


Session D1: Student Competition Winners

Aircraft Tracking Using GPS Position and Velocity Reports
Ran Gazit, Stanford University 281-290
High Precision Highway Profiles Using Helicopter Borne ‘On-The-Fly’ GPS
Paul Hansen and Chris Joy, The University of Nottingham 291-298
A New Concept for GPS Phase Ambiguity Resoultion On-The-fly:
The Maximum a Postenori Ambiguity Search (MAPAS) Method
Christophe Macabiau, Laboratoire de Traitement du Signal et des Telecommunications of the ENAC 299-308
A New Navigation Algorithm Using Only Information From Measurement
Benlin Xu, University of New Brunswick 309-318
A Prototype Portable Vehicle Navigation System Utilizing Map Aided GPS
Blake Bullock, The University of Calgary 319-329
Efficient Ambiguity Search Using Genetic Algorithms
Zuofa Li, The University of Calgary 331-337
Airborne Gravimetry by GNSIINS A Comparison of filtering Methods
Youcef Hammada, The University of Calgary 339-347
Ambiguity Recovery for GPS Long Range Kinematic Positioning
Shaowei Han, The University of New South Wales 349-360


Session A2: Military Applications and Requirements

Use of the GPS Aided Inertial Navigation System in the Navy Standard Missile
for the BMDO/Navy LEAP Technology Demonstration Program
Todd Moore, Kevin Rudolph, and Frank Ziolkowski, Hughes Aircraft Co.; Alfred Luckau,
Hughes Missile Systems Co 363-371
Integrated GPS/INS/SAR/GMTI Radar Precision Targeting Flight Test Results
R. Guarino and Paul Isben, Westinghouse Norden Systems 373-379

Anti-Jamming Performance of TIDGET in Guided Munitions Applications
Armando Montalvo, Bruce Johnson, and Alison Brown, NAVSYS Corporation 381-390
Robust Implementation of Relative GPS Guidance
Mark Youhanaie, David Hartman, and Frank Ziokolwski, Hughes Aircraft Co.; Neeraj Pujara, Wright Laboratory 391-398
A Global DoD-Optimized DGPS for Precision-Strike
Earl Blackwell, Mark Moeglein, and David Nakayama, SRI International 399-411
Navigation Performance Analysis for the Edge Program
Donald Kelly and Pamela Harms, Sverdrup/TEAS; Capt. John Dargen, USAF; Chuck Eckert, Honeywell 413-422
Preliminary Results from a GPS-based Portable Impact Location System
Jimmy Saunders and Miguel Cardoza 423-430
Precise Absolute Navigation: An Evaluation of PPS Position Improvement
Bruce Hermann, Naval Swface Warfare Center; Stephen Malys, The Defense Mapping Agency 431-436
GPS Translator for Artillery Projectiles - A Progress Report
George Wiles, USArmy Research Laboratory; Jeff Smuk, Hittite Microwave Corporation 437-441
The Reduction of Airborne Magnetic Noise Via GPS
L Bobb, W. Gelatka, D. DePersia, A. Salik, and S. Swyers, NavalAir Warfare Center 443-447
GPS Operational Control System Modernization: Alternative Architectural Concepts
Jaynarayan Lala and Laura Burkhardt, Draper Laboratory 449-459


Session B2: DGPS Technology and Applications

Design of a GNSS: Coverage, Accuracy and Integrity
V. Ashkenazi, T. Moore, C. J. Hill, W Y. Ochieng, and Wu Chen, The University of Nottingham 463-472
Differential GPS Evaluation at UK Airports
Hemant Mistry and Richard Famwojth, UK NationalAir Traffic Services 473-479
floating Differential GPS (FDGPS)
James L Brown, Aydin Corporation (East) 481-490
Characterization of Phase and Multipath Errors for an Aircraft GPS Antenna
C. Douglas Hardwick and Jeffrey Liu, National Research Council of Canada 491-498
Precise Positioning Using GPS/GLONASS Carrier Phase and Code Phase Observables
David Walsh, Stuart Riley, John Cooper, and Peter Daly, The University of Leeds 499-506
Differential GLONASS, Differential GPS and Integrated Differential GLONASSIGPS - Initial Results
Jacques Beser, Anushia Balendra, Eric Erpelding, and Sonia Kim, 35 Navigation 507-515
Performance Evaluation of a Global IGS-Based Differential GPS System
Don English, Gene Howell, and Wang Tang, ARINC 517-523
Satisfying Airport Operational Requirements Using Seamless GNSS Techniques, Procedures and Processing
Lois Pulley and Robert Pilley, DSDC 525-532
Selective Availability via the Levinson Predictor
Timothy Barnes, Zeta Associates, Inc 533-542


Session C2: Space: Orbit and Attitude

GPS Attitude Determination and Navigation Flight Experiment
J. Kurt Brock, Rich Fuller, Brian Kemper, Dave Mleczko, J. Rodden, and Alfred Tadros, Space Systems/WRAL 545-554
The GPS Attitude Determination flyer (GADFLY): A Space-Qualified GPS
Attitude Receiver on the SSTI-Lewis Spacecraft
Frank Bauer, E. Glenn Lightsey, Stephen Leake, Jon McCullough, James O’Donnell,
Kate Hartman, and Roger Hart, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 555-562
Argos Navigation and Attitude Determination System
Jon Petway, Rockwell 563-572
Experimental Results of Using the GPS for SFU Onboard Navigation
Tsutomu Ichikawa and Keiken Ninomiya, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science;
Susumu Kumagai and Masaki Mistutake, Hitachi Ltd 573 -577
A Practical Demonstration of Low Cost Autonomous Orbit Determination Using GPS
Martin Unwin and Martin Sweeting, University of Surrey 579-587

Applicability of GPS-based Orbit Determination Systems to a Wide Range of HEO Missions
Jorge Potti and Pelayo Bernedo, GMVSA.; Alessandro Pasetti, ESA/ESTEC 589-598
Performance Evaluation of the GPS Yaw Bias Implementation
Yoaz Bar-Sever, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 599-611
Effect of GPS Orbit Accuracy on GPS-determined Topex/Poseidon Orbit
H. J. Rim, B. E. Schutz, PAM. Abusali, and B. D. Tapley, University of Texas at Austin 613-617
Use of GPS for Precise and Operational Orbit Determination at ESOC
Tomás Martin Mur, John Dow, and Nicholas Bondarenco, European Space Agency; Stefano Casotto,
Univeritá Padova; Joachim Feltens, mbp Infonnationstechnologie GmbH; Carlos Garcia Martinez, GMVS.A 619-626


Session D2: Wide Area Augmentation Systems

A Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Service Volume Model and Its Use in
Evaluating WAAS Architectures and Design Sensitivities
Walter Poor, Thomas Albertson, and Paulme Yen, The MITRE Corporation 629-637
An Algorithm for Inter-frequency Bias Calibration and Application to WAAS Ionosphere Modeling
Yi-chung Chao, Yeou-Jyh Tsai, Todd Walter, Changdon Kee, Per Enge, and Brad Parkinson, Stanford University 639-646
Incorporation of Orbital Dynamics to Improve Wide-Area Differential GPS
Juan Ceva and Bradford Parkinson, Stanford University; Willy Bertiger, Ron Muellerschoen, and
Thomas Yunck, JPL 647-659
Validation of the RTCA Message Format for WAAS
Yeou-Jyh Tsai, Per Enge, Yi-Chung Chao, Todd Walter, Changdon Kee, Jennifer Evans,
Andrew Barrows, David Powell, and Bradford Parkinson, Stanford University 661-670
The Ability of a RADGPS to Provide the Accuracy and Integrity Required for En-Route Navigation
Richard Famworth, UK NationalAir Traffic Service; Stuart Jolley, Roke Manor Research;
Andrew Lovett, RacalAvionics 671-676
Integrating WAAS with LAAS to Avoid Signal Spoofing
Ms Sankaran and Donald Benson, Dynamics Research Corporation 677-684
Exact Formula for User Range Error in Wide Area Differential GPS
Henry Beisner, Paradeigma, Inc.; Arthur Dorsey, Lord Federal Systems 685-693
WAAS Sensor Interference Testing
Trent Skidmore, Ohio University; Mark Johnson, Rockwell International 695-703
A Study for Performance Enhancements of the Asian-Australian GPS Augmentation System (AAAS)
Yanming Feng, Kurt Kubik, and Jizhang Sang, Queensland University of Technology; Jingnan Liu, Wuhan TU 705-711


Session A3: Precision Landing

FAA-Wilcox Electric Category 11W Feasibility Demonstration Program flight Test Results
W. Hundley, S. Rowson, and G. Courtney, Wilcox Electric; V. Wullschleger and R. Velez, FAA Technical Center;
R. Benoist, Litton Aero Products; P. O’Donnell, MITRE/CAASD 715-726
FAA/Ohio University/United Parcel Service DGPS Autoland Flight Test Demonstration
Frank van Graas, David Diggle, and Maarten Uijt, Ohio University; Dave Lamb and Mark Dimeo,
Systems Resources Corporation; Greg Kuehl and Robert Hilb, United Parcel Service 727-737
FAA/FEDSIM—E-Systems Cat IIIB Feasibility Demonstration Flight Test Preliminary Results
Glyn Romrell, Ron Brown, and Greg Johnson, E-Systems; Dave Kaufmann, NASA Ames 739-753
Application of INS/GPS Systems Integration to Increase Performance of Automatic Landing Systems
Jochen Meyer-Hilberg and Harald Harder, Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG 755-762
A340-DGPS Landing Experiment
Julie de Cevins, Airbus Industrie; Pascal Ponsot, Aerospatiale 763-772
FAA’S Cat III Feasibility Program: Status and Accomplishments
R. Braff and P. O’Donnell, The MITRE Corporation; V. Wullschleger, C. Mackin, and R. Velez, FAA Technical Center; R. Swider and P. Enge, Stanford University; F. van Graas, Ohio University; D. Kaufmann, NASA Ames Research Center 773-780
GNSS Receiver Interference: Susceptibility and Civil Aviation Impact
Mark Johnson and Robert Erlandson, Rockwell 781-791
Observed GPS Signal Continuity Interruptions
Stewart Cobb, David Lawrence, Jock Christie, Todd Walter, YC. Chao, David Powell, and
Brad Parkinson, Stanford University 793-795

Integrity and Continuity of Service Analysis of LADGPS and WADGPS Architectures with SNAPSIS Simulator
D. Flament and N. Marchel, Thomson-CSF; B. Christophe, Onera; J. L. Jonquiere, DGAC/STNA 797-806
Interoperability and Traditional Nay-aid Considerations for DGPS Standards
Lori Hill and Ken Ganther, Wilcox Electric 807-814


Session B3: Specialized User Equipment Technology

Development and Testing of a Mobile Pseudolite Concept for Precise Positioning
Tom Holden, Stanford Telecom; John Racquet, Gerard Lachapelle, Weigen Qiu, and C. Pelletier,
The University of Calgary; Anthony Nash, 746th Test Squadron; Patrick Fenton, NovAtel 817-826
Precision Landing Tests with Improved Integrity Beacon Pseudolites
Stewart Cobb, David Lawrence, Boris Pervan, Clark Cohen, David Powell,
and Brad Parkinson, Stanford University 827-833
A Combined GPS/GLONASS High Precision Receiver for Space Applications
Stuart Riley, Neil Howard, Eric Aardoom, and Peter Daly, University of Leeds; Pierluigi Silvestrin, ESA ESTEC 835-844
Integrated GPS/GLONASS Antenna for High Performance Applications
Taymoor Hekmat and Norbert Nildasch, Vi Con Engineering GmbH; Martin Maurer, MAN Technologie AG 845-851
Tracking Measurements From a Miniature GLONASS Receiver
Oliver Leisten, Geraint Ffoulkes-Jones, Gerald Whitworth, and David Belton, Navstar Systems Ltd. 853-859
Power Minimization Techniques for GPS Null Steering Antenna
Anton Gecan, E-Systems; Michael Zoltowski, Purdue University 861-868
Performance of a Miniature Dielectrically Loaded Volute Antenna
Oliver Leisten and Geraint Ffoulkes-Jones, Navstar Systems Ltd. 869-877
An Effective GPS Application for Helicopter Operations
William O’Keefe, Newcomb Communication, Inc
879-886


Session C3: Maritime Applications

Verification of USCG DGPS Broadcast Parameters
Mark Lunday, Joseph Spalding, and Mazylouise Dowd 889-897
DGPS Positioning Accuracy Performance Analysis with RTCM Message Types 1/9 and 18-21 Using
Various Receiver Technologies
G. Lachapelle, M. E Cannon, H. Lan, and C. Thng, The University of Calgary; S. Wee
and S. Ryan, Canadian Coast Guard 899-906
Boosting Shipboard RAIM Availability
James LaMance and Alison Brown, NA VS YS Corporation Joseph Spalding, US Coast Guard R&D Center 907-912
The Virtual Anchor
Glen Robertson, Rhodan Marine Equipment; John Webster, Holst-Webster Enterprises 913-918
Use of DGPS for an In-Water Acoustic Survey for the PTS SWIMSS
Robert Reid, Naval Undersea Warfare Center 919-923
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation
Stewart Cannon, Pelagos Corporation; Jeff Smith, Applied Remote Technology 925-933
Performance Analysis of the Interrupted Data Acquisition Receiver Obtained From Operational Missions
Gerald Whitworth, Navstar Systems Ltd.; David Meldnim, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory 935-940
Results of Testing on a GPS-Based Compass
Joseph Spalding and Mark Lunday, US Coast Guard R&D Center 941-948
The Use of GPS for Underwater Navigation, Sea Trial Results
M. H. G. Thomas, ACSA 949-955


Session D3: GLONASS

The GLONASS System Status and Prospects for Development
Michael Lebedev and Victor Gorev, CSIC; Alexander Ganin and Victor Kulnev, CRI of the Russian Space Forces 959-969
The Place of GLONASS in the Radionavigation Plan of the CIS
Vladimir Denisov, Internavigation Research and Technical Center 971-984

The GLONASS and GLONASS-M Programs
V. Kazantsev, NPOPM 985-990
Ways of GLONASS System Advancing
Nicolay Ivanov, Vadim Salischev, and Alexander Vmogradov, RISDE 991-1011
Marine Radiobeacon DGPSIDGLONASS Service and Regional Centers for Differential
GLONASS/Alpha/Chayka Services
Pytor Bogdanov, Valery Chistyakov, Sergey Filatchenkov, Arvid Gevorkyan,
and Viadlen Khimulin, Russian Institute of Radionavigation and Tune 1013-1020
GLONASS Approaches Full Operational Capability (FOC)
Peter Daly, The University of Leeds 1021-1030
Evaluation of GLONASS Perfonnance In Practical Applications: Comparison with
GPS-Based Ionospheric TEC Values
Nester Zarraoa, Esther Sardon, Dietmar Klähn, and Arne Jungstand, DLR-DFD Neustrelitz 1031-1039
Processing GLONASS Carrier Phase Observations—Theory and first Experience
Alfred Leick and Jinye Li, University of Maine; Jacques Beser, 3S Navigation;
Gerald Mader, National Geodetic Survey 1041-1047
Differential GLONASS in Russia: The Ways of Development
Alexander Ganin, GLONASS Coordination Research and Information Center 1049-1050
Kalman Filter Procedures for GPS/GLONASS-Signals
Norbert Niklasch, ViCon Engineering; Martin Maurer and Martin Haunschild, MAN Technologie AG;
Walter Richert, LMU 1061-1068


Session A4: DGPS Algorithms

Computation and Quality Control of Differential GPS Corrections
Xin-Xiang, Hans van der Marel, and Cees de Jong, Delft University of Technology 1071-1079
Effects of the Ionosphere and Cycle-Slips In Long Baseline Dynamic Positioning
George Dedes and Angela Mallett, The Ohio State University 1081-1090
Using the Ionosphere for DGPS Measurement Error Control
Gregory Bishop, USAF Phillips Laboratory; Andrew Mazzella and Elizabeth Holland,
NorthWest Research Associates 1091-1100
Fast Ambiguity Resolution Using an Integer Nonlinear Programming Method
Ming Wei and Klaus-Peter Schwarz, The University of Calgary 1101-1110
Improving the Reliability of OTF Ambiguity Resolution with Dual Frequency GPS Observations
Gang Lu, M. Elizabeth Cannon, and Gerard Lachapelle, The University of Calgary 1111-1116
Ambiguity Resolution Over Long Baselines for Airborne Differential GPS Positioning
J. Sonntag and C. Martin, EG&G; W. Krabill, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 1117-1126
Adaptive Modeling of Receiver Clock for Meter-Level DGPS Vertical Positioning
R Misra, M. Pratt, B. Burke, and R. Ferranti, Mif 1127-1135
Comparison of Different On-The-fly Ambiguity Resolution Techniques
Günter Hem and Wolfgang Werner, University FAF Munich 1137-1144
A New Method for Constructing Multi-satellite Ambiguity Combinations for Improved Ambiguity Resolution
Chris Rizos and Shaowei Han, The University of New South Wales 1145-1153
Long Period Systematic Errors In GPS Measurements
Shane Nelson, University of Texas 1155-1163


Session B4: Earth Observation and Timing

Sensing the Atmosphere From a Low-Earth Orbiter Tracking GPS: Early Results and Lessons
From the GPS/MET Experiment
George Hajj, Rob Kursinski, Willy Bertiger, Stephen Leroy, Larry Romans, and
Tim Schofield, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1167-1174
Time Calibration Using the INMARSAT Geostationary Overlay Signal From the AOR-W Satellite
James LaMance and Alison Brown, NA VS YS Corporation; Bruce Haines, Willy Bertiger, and Sien Wu, JPL 1175-1181
Real Time Estimation of Ionospheric Delays
Evelin Engler, Esther Sarddn, and Dietmer Klähn, DLR-DFD Neustreliiz 1183-1191
Real-Time TEC Determination for Ionospheric Modeling in WADGPS
José Fraile-Ordonez, Kayser-Threde GmbH 1193-1197
An Improved Ionospheric Correction Method for Wide-Area Augmentation Systems
Anthony Mannucci, Brian Wilson, and Dah-Ning Yuan, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1199-1208

Application of SCORE Techniques to Improve Ionospheric Observations
Gregory Bishop, USAF Phillips Laboratory; Andrew Mazzella and Elizabeth Holland,
NorthWest Research Associates 1209-1218
Test Results of Wilcox Electric’s Ionospheric Monitoring Network
Craig Stull, Wikox Electric; A. J. Van Dierendonck, AJ Systems 1219-1228
Precise GPS Time Transfer to a Moving Vehicle
Tor Egil Melgard and I)avid Last, University of Wales; Bernard Thomas, DCNBrest(DGA) 1229-1 236
WADGPS Ionospheric Correction Model Performance Simulation
Tysen Mueller, Seagull Technology, Inc.; Bob Hamry and Andrew Johnson, Rockwell International 1237-1246
Development of Real-Time Algorithms to Estimate the Ionospheric Error Bounds for WAAS
Robert Conker, Baby El-Arini, and Thomas Albertson, The MITRE Corporation;
John Kiobuchar, USAF Phillips Laboratory; Patricia Doherty, Boston College 1247-1258


Session C4: Land Vehicular Applications

Kinematic GPS for Closed-Loop Control of Farm and Construction Vehicles
Michael O’Connor, Gabriel Elkaim, and Bradford Parkinson, Stanford University 1261-1268
An Examination of the Relative Merits of Various Sensors for Vehicle Navigation
Eric Abbott and David Powell, Stanford University 1269-1284
Nonlinear Smoothing of Dead Reckoning Data with GPS Measurements
Ren Da and George Dedes, The Ohio State University 1285-1294
Next Generation Fiber Optic Gyroscopes for Use with GPS In Vehicle Navigation and Location Systems
Vincent Martinelli, Corning Inc.; Ray Ikeda, Hitachi Cable America 1295-1299
Hybrid GPS for Land Vehicle
S. Ishikawa, Y. Suwa, N. Nakahara, T Ito, T. Yamamoto, Y. Murakami, and T Yasuda, AISINSEIKI Co., Ltd. 1301-1306
VISAT: A Mobile City Survey System of High Accuracy
Naser El-Sheimy, Klaus-Peter Schwarz, and Mmng Wel, The University of Calgary;
Martin Lavigne, GEOFIT Inc. 1307-1315
Field Test Results of an Enhanced GPS Coverage Through Map Aiding in Urban and Canyon Environments
James LaMance and Alison Brown, NAVSYS Corporation 1317-1322
GPS Receiver Structures for the Urban Canyon
Benjamin Peterson, Richard Hartnett, and Geifrey Ottman, U.S. Coast Guard Academy 1323-1332
Autonomous Vehicle Using WADGPS
Daljit Singh, NavalAir Warfare Center; Harkirat Grewal, American GNC 1333-1338


Session D4: GNSS Policy and Technology Issues

GPS: A Sharede National Asset-A Summary of the National Research Council Report
Laurence Adams, Chair NRC Committee; Allison Sandlin and Dave Turner, NRC;
Keith McDonald, Sat Tech Systems 1341-1350
GPS: Charting the Future—A Summary Report by the GPS Panel of the National Academy of Public Administration
Arnold Donahue and Roger Sperry, Co-Directors of the NAPA Study 1351-1361
GPS Performance Characteristics and Trends
Rob Conley, Mark Fryt, and Sean Scott, Overlook Systems Technologies, Inc. 1363-1371
Practical Measurements of Radio Frequency Interference to GPS Receivers and an
Assessment of Interference Levels by flight Trials In the European Regions
Paul Nisner, National Air Traffic Services; John Owen, Defence Research Agency
1373-1382
The Role of GPS In Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) and a
Methodology for the Formulation of Requirements In That Role
Michael Ashbury Civil Aviation Authority; RoIf Johannessen, Lambourne Navigation Ltd 1383-1391
Aircraft Approach and Landing Studies with the Global Positioning System
Douglas Hardwick and Jeffrey Liu, National Research Council of Canada 1393-1401
Global Optimization of GPS Augmentation Architectures Using Genetic Algorithms
Samual Pullen, Per Enge, and Bradford Parkinson, Stanford University 1403-1415
GNSS Combined with Head-Up Display for Precision Landing
Jean-François Jehl and Luc Baron, SEXTANT Avionique 1417-1424
Implementation of a GPS-Based Oceanic Air Traffic Control System
Joseph Fee, Federal Aviation Administration; Theodore Simpson, Adsystech Inc. 1425-1430


Session A5: Precise Real-Time Positioning

High Precision Real-Time Positioning Using Low Cost OEM Sensors
Mel Tabsh and Hugh Martell, Premier GPS, Inc.; Darren Cosandier, The University of Calgary 1433-1441
High-Rate Precise Real-Time Positioning Using Differential Carrier Phase
Danusz Lapucha, Richard Barker, and Ziwen Liu, John E. Chance & Associates 1443-1449
Maintaining GPS Positioning In Steep Turns Using Two Antennas
David Lawrence, H. Stewart Cobb, Clark Cohen, Jock Christie, J. David Powell, and
Bradford Parkinson, Stanford University 1451-1459
Precise RTK Positioning Using the New RTCM-104 V2.1 Standard
J.P. Thomas Goguen and Thno Allison, Trimble Navigation 1461-1466
First Results Using the New DGPS Real-Time Deformation Monitoring System "DREAMS"
Günter Hem and Bernhard Riedl, University FAF Munich 1467-1475
Real-Time Precise Marine Navigation: Description and Results
Hans-Jurgen Euler and Craig Hill, Leica AG; Urs Muller, terra verinessungen 1477-1484
Development and Implementation of a Centimeter-Accurate Real-Time-Kinematic Positioning System
Herbert Landau, Cluistian Pagels, and Ulrich Vollath, terraSat GmbH 1485-1491
Temporal Characteristics of Multipath Errors
Ahmed El-Rabbany, Alexandria University 1493-1497
Utilizing a Low Cost GPS Receiver for Centimeter to Sub-meter Accuracy Real-Time and
Post-Processed Applications
Geraint Ffoulkes-Jones, Navstar Systems Ltd.; Darren Cosandier, Premier GPS Inc. 1499-1508

Session B5: GPS User Equipment Technology

A Comparison of Three Multipath Mitigation Approaches for GPS Receivers
Armando Montalvo and Alison Brown, NAVSYS Corporation 1511-1520
Achieving Theoretical Accuracy Limits for Pseudoranging In the Presence of Multipath
Lawrence Weill, Magellan Systems and California State University at Fullerton 1521-1530
Comparison of Continuity and Integrity Characteristics for
Integrated and Decoupled Demodulation/Navigation Receivers
Jim Sennott and Dave Senffner, Bradley University 1531-1537
L1 Carrier Phase Multipath Error Reduction Using MEDLL Technology
Bryan Townsend, Patrick Fenton, and Keith Van Dierendonck, NovAtel Communications;
Richard van Nee, Consultant 1539-1544
Test Results on Mitigation of SATCOM-Induced Interference to GPS Operation
Triveni Upadhyay, George Dimos, and Wassim Ferzali, Mayflower Communications Co.; Dennis Weed, FAA 1545-1552
A Modified Frequency-Locked Loop for Improved WAAS Carrier Tracking
Gary McGraw and Bernard Schnaufer, Rockwell International 1553-1562
Monograph on GPS Antispoofing
Philip Ward, Navward GPS Consulting 1563-1571


Session C5: Airborne Applications

Flight Test Program to Develop a New Terminal Instrument Procedures TERPS for GPS Approaches
John Fagan, Hazem Hejjo, Travis Fox, and Bill Archer, University of Oklahoma;
Ralph Sexton, Innovative Solutions International; Gerry McCartor, FAA 1575-1587
Attitude DGPS/INS Based Real-lime Flight Guidance System for Airborne Sensors
Günter Hem, Bernd Eissfeller, and Jürgen Pielmeier, Institute of Geodesy and Navigation 1589-1596
Geometric Correction of Airborne Multispectral Scanner Imagery Using
GPS Position and Attitude and Digital Elevation Models
Lawrence Fisher, Lockheed Environmental Systems and Technologies 1597-1606
Interferometric Flight Inspection Systems: Development and Flight Test Results
D. Stratton, Parker Hannifin Corporation 1607-1614
Flight Tests of a 3-D Perspective-View Glass-Cockpit Display for General Aviation Using GPS
Andrew Barrows, Per Enge, Bradford Parkinson, and J. David Powell, Stanford University 1615-1622
An Evaluation of Precise Kinematic On-The-fly GPS Positioning with Respect to a Moving Aircraft
Alan Evans, Bruce Hermann, and Christopher Law, Naval Surface Warfare Center;
Benjamin Remondi, The XYZ’s of GPS, Inc.; Thomas Briggs and Thomas Nelson, Naval Air Warfare Center 1623-1628
Satellite Based Integrated Navigation and Communication System of the German Air Rescue
Manfred Haverland and Harry Evers, Aerodata; Dr. Hindemith-Boose and Roland Kirschenlohr, DRF 1629-1634


Session D5: GPS Reference and Testing

Development of High-Rate Differential GPS Reference for Operational Testing
William Mosle and Andy Chasko, 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB 1637-1644
Summary of the Initial GPS Test Standards Document: ION STD-1O1
Stewart Teasley, Rockwell Telecommunications; James Bybee, Cibola Information Systems 1645-1653
The 746th Test Squadron: An All-Inclusive GPS Test and Evaluation Facility
Dan Crouch, Chip Mosle, and Michael Novy, 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB 1655-1664
Time to first fix: A Definition and Recommended Test Method
Leonard Kniczynski, Trimble Navigation; Stewart Teasley, Rockwell Communications 1665-1672
Carrier Phase GPS lime, Space, Position Information Demonstration (CAPTIDE)
Greg Costable, Elgin AFB 1673-1680
The Effect of Tropospheric Propagation Delay Errors in Airborne GPS Precise Positioning
Virgilio Mendes, J. Paul Coffins, and Richard Langley, University of New Brunswick 1681-1689
Measuring User Equipment Errors from Holloman Flight Test Data
Joseph Clifford and Raymond DiEsposti, The Aerospace Corp.; Andrew Chasko, Amcomp Corporation;
Kenneth Wernie, CIGTF; Gregory Fairbanks, GPS JPO, AFSMC, LA AFB 1691-1701
Mobile Inertial Test System: A Dynamic Testbed for the EDGE Flight Tests
Theodore Herrera and Brian Taylor, Elgin AFB 1703-1711
HIL Testing of the Navy LEAP GPS/INS Package
George Stupp and David Lehnus, JHU Applied Physics Laboratory 1713-1719


Session A6: Attitude Determination

A Single-Baseline Attitude Measurement System Using Low-Cost CIA-Code Receivers
James Gilkey, David Richardson, and Christopher Terndrup, SRI International 1723-1732
Accurate Azimuth from a Single PLGR+GLS DoD GPS Receiver Using Time Relative Positioning
Karl Ulmer, Patrick Hwang, Brent Disselkoen, and Mark Wagner, Rockwell 1733-1741
Results of DC-1O Tests Using GPS Attitude Determination
Leonard Kruczynski and John Delucchi, Trimble Navigation; Thnothy Iacobacci, United Airlines 1743-1750
Attitude Determination: Exploiting All Information for Optimal Ambiguity Resolution
Hans-Jurgen Euler and Craig Hill, LeicaAG 1751-1757
Lightly Coupled Attitude Determination Using GPS Carrier Phase Observables
Gene Howell and Wang Tang, ARINC 1759-1766
GPS Modeling in the Attitude Determination Error Analysis System: Development and Application to TRACE
Eleanor Ketchum and Joseph Garrick, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center;
Mohammad Rokni, Computer Science Corp 1767-1774
A GNSS-Based Attitude Determination System for Low-Earth Observation Satellites
Jesus Serrano, Pelayo Bemedo, and Pablo Gonzalez, GMVSA.; Pieduigi Silvestrin, ESA/ESTEC 1775-1784
A Comparison of GPS-Based Attitude Estimation Techniques for Spinning Satellite
Penina Axelrad and Charles Behre, University of Colorado 1785-1796
A New Spacecraft Attitude Determination Scheme Based on the Use of GPS Line-Of-Sight Vectors
Jesus Serrano, Jorge Potti, and Pelayo Bemedo, GMVS.A.; Pierluigi Silvestrin, ESA/ESTEC 1797-1806


Session B6: Integrated Systems

An Artificially Intelligent Vehicle Highway System
Vidal Ashkenazj, Terry Moore, Mark Dumville, David Lowe, and Maria Tsakin, The University of Nottingham 1809-1818
Making the Best with GPS in Car Applications
Ralph Moussa, Renault 1819-1823
GPS/Inertial Mapping (GIM) System for Real Time Mapping of Roadways Using WADGPS
Tim Ash, Randy Silva, Alison Brown, and James LaMance, NAVSYS Corporation 1825-1830
Twenty-Centimeter Kinematic DGPS Positioning With Digital Barometry
John Schieppe, James McLellan, Jill Battie, and J. Scott McCarron, Pulsearch Navigation 1831-1840
H-764G GPS/INS High Dynamics GPS Tracking Tests Using a Roller Coaster
Al Hasselbring, Honeywell, Inc. 1841-1846

Integration of a Fibre Optical Gyro Attitude and Heading Reference System with Differential GPS
Manfred Baumker, FH Bochwn; Manfred Hüllenkremer and Axel Lehmann, L1TEF GmbH 1847-1855
A Proposed GPS Block HF Satellite Design with Civilian Dual Frequency and WAAS Signals
Mohan Ananda, Prem Munjal, and K.T. Woo, The Aerospace Corporation;
Rich Cole, Innovative Solutions International; Steve Steiner, U.S. Air Force 1857-1868
New Approach to Kalman Time Propagation for GPS/INS Integrated Systems
Leonid Schimelevich and Rahel Naor, Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd. 1869-1873


Session C6: Emerging Applications

Real-Time Landslide Detection System Using Precise Carrier Phase GPS
Hitoshi Kondo, Furuno Electric Co., Ltd.; M. Elizabeth Cannon, The University of Calgary 1877-1884
GPS-Based Launched Vehicle Tracking Using a Common Multi-Patch Antenna Configuration
M. Santina, J. Leung, G. Smit, J. Tekawy, and G.T. Seng, The Aerospace Corporation;
J. McKay and S. Bandel, Hughes Aircraft Company 1885-1893
GPS Goes ‘Beyond the Gate’
Samuel Shaw, California Maritime Academy; Jack Hunter, California DOT 1895-1903
Experimental Demonstration of GPS for Rendezvous Between Two Prototype Space Vehicles
Kurt Zimmerman and Robert Cannon, Stanford University 1905-1913
Application of GPS Technology to Part 141 Flight Training
James Lyall, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 1915-1 921
A GPS Based Nuclear Radiation Detection Device Training System
Edward Groeber, U.S. Army Chemical and Biochemical Defense Command 1923-1 926


Session D6: Integrity

New Techniques Relating Fault Detection and Exclusion Performance to GPS Primary Means Integrity Requirements
Young Lee, The MITRE Corporation 1929-1 939
A General RAIM Algorithm Based on Receiver Clock
P. Misra, M. Pratt, R Muchnik, and B. Manganis, MIT 1941-1948
Integrated GPS/Inertial Fault Detection Availability
Mats Brenner, Honeywell CAS-SPO
1949-1958
GPS/IRS AIME: Calculation of Thresholds and Protection Radius Using Chi-Square Methods
John Diesel and Sherry Lou, Litton Aero Products 1959-1964
USDRAIM: An Innovative Approach to Increasing RAIM Availability
Jonathan Bernick and William Michaelson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1965-1973
GPS Carrier-Phase RAIM
William Michaelson and Hua Hua, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Duncan Cox, DBC Communications, Inc 1975-1984
An Analysis of Using Carrier Phase to Fulfill Cat III Required Navigation Performance
David Walsh and Peter Daly, The University of Leeds; Tim Rowe, U.K. National Air Traffic Services 1985-1993
Weighted RAIM for Precision Approach
Todd Walter and Per Enge, Stanford University 1995-2004
Solving Integrity Insufficiencies of Sat Nay Systems with Complementary Navigation Information
Stefan Vieweg, Institute of Flight Guidance and Control; Carsten Butzmuehlen, TU Braunschweig 2005-2013
Effects of Worst Case Geometries on RAIM Testing
Christine Easton, Rockwell Defense Electronics; William Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute 2015-2022
Worst Case GPS Integrity Monitoring
Donald Benson, Dynamics Research Corporation 2023-2031
Analysis of Risk Affecting Integrity and Continuity
Jizhang Sang, Kurt Kubik, and Yanming Feng, SCSN, Queensland University of Technology 2033-2040


Authors Index 2041-2045

Conference Registrants 2047-2078