ION 2005 National Technical Meeting

January 24-26, 2005
Catamaran Resort Hotel - San Diego, California

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Plenary Session
GPS - Revolution in Surveying and Geodesy
R. Neilan, NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1
GPS/INS Integration
C. Bye, Honeywell, 29
IVI Program and GPS
J.P. Foley, Mitretek Systems, 44
Data Fodder for Hungry GIS’s
E.K. Ott, Transportation Industry Manager, ESRI, Inc., 62

A1: Augmentation Systems 1 - GBAS
A Comprehensive Ionosphere Storm Data Analysis Method to Support LAAS Threat Model Development
A. Ene, D. Qiu, M. Luo, S. Pullen, P. Enge, Stanford University, 110
Algorithms for Airborne Ionospheric Front Detection in LAAS Using Carrier Phase and INS Measurements
L. Gratton, F. Chan, B. Pervan, Illinois Institute of Technology, 131
LAAS Multipath Limiting Antenna (MLA) Performance Testing and Analysis
D.B. Thornberg, dB Systems Inc.; M. Dickinson, FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center; D. Aloi, Oakland University, 140
Results from the Program for the Investigation of Airborne Multipath Errors
T. Murphy, M. Harris, J. Booth, P. Geren, T. Pankaskie, Boeing; B. Clark, J. Burns, T. Urda, Federal Aviation Administration, 153
Dual Frequency Smoothing DGPS Performance Evaluation Studies
G.A. McGraw, R.S.Y. Young, Rockwell Collins, 170
Development of the JPALS Land-based Integrity Monitor Test Platform
M. Koenig, J. Rife, J. Gautier, S. Pullen, P. Enge, Stanford University, 182

A2: Military Applications
An Array of Digital Antenna Elements for Mitigation of Multipath for Carrier Landings
K. Gold, A. Brown, NAVSYS Corporation, 190
Robust GPS Geolocation by Method of Particle Filtering
H.L. Dyckman, SPAWAR Systems Center; S. Sloat, SAIC; B. Pettus, U.S. Army CERDEC, 197
JAMFEST, A Cost Effective Solution to GPS Vulnerability Testing
E. Lagier, D. Craig, 46th Test Group; P. Benshoof, 746th Test Squadron (CIGTF), 205
Experimental Validation of Aircraft Carrier Dynamic Modeling Software for Sea-Based JPALS
S. Atwater, J. Bower, J. Gautier, P. Enge, Stanford University, 211
Using GPS and GPS/INS Systems to Assess Relative Antenna Motion Onboard an Aircraft Carrier for Shipboard Relative GPS
M.G. Petovello, G. Lachapelle, M.E. Cannon, The University of Calgary, Canada, 219
Improving GPS Situational Awareness
L. Schmidt, M. Hura, RAND Corporation, 230

A3: Integrated Multi-Sensor Systems
Real-Time Implementation of INS/GPS Data Fusion Utilizing Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
R. Sharaf, M. Tarbouchi, A. El-Shafie, A. Noureldin, Royal Military College of Canada, 235
Performance Comparison of Kinematic GPS Integrated with Different Tactical Level IMUs
H.T. Zhang, M.G. Petovello, M.E. Cannon, The University of Calgary, Canada, 243
New eLoran Receiver and Antenna Technology for Integrated GPS/Loran Systems
G.L. Roth, P. Schick, C. Schweitzer, J. Jacoby, D. Gervasi, R. Ferrier, Locus, Inc., 255
Full Integrity Testing for GPS/INS
J.L. Farrell, VIGIL Inc., 262
Performance Analysis of a Tightly Coupled Kalman Filter for the Integration of Un-differenced GPS and Inertial Data
Y. Zhang, Y. Gao, The University of Calgary, Canada, 270
On Azimuth Observability During INS Alignment in Horizontal Drilling
E. Pecht, M.P. Mintchev, University of Calgary, Canada, 276

A4: Algorithms, Analysis and Methods 1
Performance Characterization of a GPS Tracking Loop in the Presence of Linear Distortion
P.A. Bello, The MITRE Corporation, 282
Code Tracking Performance for Novel Unambiguous M-Code Time Discriminators
P.A. Bello, R.L. Fante, The MITRE Corporation, 293
Loss of Lock Analysis of a First-Order Digital Code Tracking Loop and Comparison of Results to Analog Loop Theory for BOC and NRZ Signals
A.R. Golshan, ARINC, 299
Design of Relaxed Look-ahead Pipelined Adaptive Canceller in Anti-jamming GPS Receiver
W-L. Mao, Mingchi University of Technology; D.-P. Liu, H.-W. Tsao, F.-R. Chang, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, 306
UERE Analysis for Static Single Frequency Positioning Using Data of IGS Stations
B. Belabbas, F. Petitprez, A. Hornbostel, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany, 310
Navigation Potential of Signals Modeled with Multipath Effects and Noise
K.A. Fisher, J.F. Raquet, U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology, 320

B1: Galileo and GPS Modernization
Galileo Signal Optimisation in L1
A.R. Pratt, OrbStar Consultants, UK; J.I.R. Owen, DSTL, U.K., 332
Analysis of Air Traffic Control Systems Interference Impact on Galileo Aeronautics Receivers
M. De Angelis, AMS-Alenia Marconi Systems, Italy; R. Fantacci, S. Menci, University of Florence, Italy; C. Rinaldi, ENAV, S.p.A, 346
Design/Calibration of GPS On-Orbit Monitoring Capability
M.D. Partridge, R.B. Dybdal, The Aerospace Corporation, 358
Development of a Performance Specification for Monitoring the GPS Civil Service
T. Nagle, GPS JPO; B.A. Renfro, The University of Texas at Austin; J.W. Lavrakas, Overlook Systems Technologies, Inc., 365
Next Generation Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) Signal Specification
A.J. Van Dierendonck, AJ Systems; C. Hegarty, R. Niles, The MITRE Corporation; T. Morrissey, P. Reddan, Zeta Associates, Inc., 371
GPS Current Signal-in-Space Navigation Performance
J. Taylor, E. Barnes, The Boeing Company, 385

B2: Marine Applications
Will Galileo Benefit the Mariner?
A. Grant, N. Ward, The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland; M. Fairbanks, Booz Allen Hamilton Ltd., 394
New Technologies for Accurate Measurements of Ocean Waves and Related Parameters From an Aircraft
J.P. Dugan, C.C. Piotrowski, Arete Associates, 404
Weapon Scoring Results from a GPS Acoustic Weapons Test and Training System
J.R. Kayser, M.A. Cardoza, Trident Research; W.F. Wade, J.H. Merts, USAF 46th Test Wing; D.R. Casey, Sverdrup Technology, 416
Loran-C Modernization -- Achievements & Plans
J.J. Macaluso, U. S. Coast Guard Loran Support Unit, 431
A Detection Method of Moving Ships by Image Processing as a Support System of AIS
M. Shimpo, M. Hirasawa, A. Nakajima, R. Shoji, M. Oshima, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology; Japan, 438
Experimentation Results of EGNOS Combined with AIS for a River Information Services in Vienna
J.C. De Mateo; European Space Agency, The Netherlands; M. Jandrisits; via-donau; G. Abwerzger, TeleConsult Austria GmbH, Austria, 447

B3: Carrier Phase Based Positioning
Multipath Mitigation of GPS Carrier Phase Measurement Using Unscented Kalman Filter
E. Lee, S. Chun, Y.J. Lee, T. Kang, G.-I. Jee, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea, 454
The Impact of the External Inospheric Models on the Accuracy of RTK Position Estimation
D.A. Grejner-Brzezinska, I. Kashani, P. Wielgosz, The Ohio State University; D.A. Smith, P.S.J. Spencer, D.S. Robertson, G.L. Mader, National Geodetic Survey, NOS/NOAA, 462
Test Result of RTK-GNSS Using Compact RTK Correction Messages Combined with NTRIP
J. Kim, S. Jeon, C. Kee, Seoul National University, South Korea; S. Lee, Korea Air Force Academy, South Korea, 471
Advanced Mission Planning Tool for Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS Surveying
M.K. Hogan, Dept. of National Defence, Canada; M.C. Santos, University of New Brunswick, Canada, 480
Carrier Phase DGPS for Autonomous Airborne Refueling
S. Khanafseh, B. Pervan, Illinois Institute of Technology; G. Colby, Naval Air Warfare Center, 489
Experimental Results of Comparison Between Velocity Integration and OTF Position on the Sea
D. Hou, Y.-J. Yoo, N. Kouguchi, Kobe University, Japan; H. Fujii, Ohshima National College of Maritime Technology, Japan; H. Ishida, Kobe University, Japan;
K. Itani, Furuno Electric Co. Ltd., Japan, 500

B4: Space Applications
GPS IIR-M and IIF: Payload Modernization
J.A. Rajan, J. Irvine, ITT Industries, 508
Optimized Network of Ground Stations for LEO Orbit Determination
T.-S. Bae, The Ohio State University, 515
Hardware in-the-Loop Demonstration of Real-Time Orbit Determination in High Earth Orbits
M. Moreau, B. Naasz, J. Leitner, J.R. Carpenter, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; D. Gaylor, Emergent Space Technologies, 523

C1: Augmentation Systems 2 - SBAS
Assessment on the Interoperability of SBAS and GRAS
J.-C. Juang, Y.-F. Tsai, S.-S. Jan, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, 537
The Next Generation WAAS Reference Receiver
J. Auld, A. Manz, Novatel Inc., Canada, 544
FAA Tests E- and H-field Antennas to Characterize Improved Loran-C Availability During P-Static Events
R. Lilley, Aviation Management Associates, Inc.; R. Erikson, FAA, William J. Hughes Technical Center, 551
Improving Availability of Ionospheric Corrections in the Low Magnetic Latitude Region
T. Sakai, K. Matsunaga, K. Hoshinoo, Electronic Navigation Research Institute, Japan; T. Walter, Stanford University, 569
Enabling CAT I Capabilities on Dual-Frequency WAAS
S.-S. Jan, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, 580

C2: Aviation Applications
Availability of LAAS to Calibrate IRS for CAT IIIB
Y.C. Lee, C.A. Shively, T.T. Hsiao, The MITRE Corporation, 587
Static and Dynamic GNSS Attitude Function Testing of Airborne Equipment
H. Kannemans, NLR - National Aerospace Laboratory, The Netherlands, 605
Assessment of Guidance and Surveillance Quality of the Transportable Transponder Landing System (TTLS)
S. Gondek, Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory; J. Roth, Doyle Peed, S. Jones, The MITRE Corporation; D. Quinet, Ohio University; B. Kuehn, Advance Navigation
& Positioning Corporation, 617
A Comparison of Navigation by Basic GPS Lateral Guidance to Navigation by GPS/WAAS for Various Aircraft Final Approach Categories
D.P. Stapleton, Innovative Solutions International (ISI), 629
Terrain-Referenced Precision Approach Guidance
J. Campbell, M. Uijt de Haag, F. van Graas, Ohio University, 643
RAIM FDE Revisited: A New Breakthrough in Availability Performance with NIORAIM (Novel Integrity-Optimized RAIM)
P.Y. Hwang, Rockwell Collins Inc.; R.G. Brown, Iowa State University, 654

C3: Atmospheric Effects 1
Comparison of Real-time Troposphere Correction Techniques for High Performance DGPS Applications
Y. Zhang, C. Bartone, Ohio University, 666
Low Latitude Troposphere: A Preliminary Study Using GPS CORS Data in South East Asia
T.A. Musa, S. Lim, C. Rizos, The University of New South Wales, Australia, 685
Long-range Kinematic Positioning Made Easy Using Three Carrier GNSS Signals
Y. Feng, Queensland University of Technology, Australia, 694
Absolute Ionosphere Slant Delays From Ambiguous Carrier Phase Data
D.A. Smith, National Geodetic Survey, NOS/NOAA, 703
Least Square Spectral Analysis of the GPS Derived Ionospheric Data
J. Asgari, Laboratory for the Research on Geodesy (IGN), France; A. Harmel, Institut Geographique Nationale, France, 716
An Investigation of Local-scale Spatial Gradient of Ionospheric Delay Using the Nation-wide GPS Network Data in Japan
T. Yoshihara, T. Sakai, N. Fujii, Electronic Navigation Research Institute, Japan; A. Saito, Kyoto University, Japan, 725
Tracking Storms in the Ionosphere
S.M. Elder, Chino Hills High School; M.H. Elder, Northcentral University, 735

C4: GNSS Interoperability
Concatenated Truncated Codes Structure Performance and Mechanisation
A.R. Pratt, Orbstar Consultants, UK; M. Powe, DSTL, UK, 741
Performance of a Galileo PRS/GPS M-Code Combined Service
G.W. Hein, J.A. Avila-Rodriguez, University FAF Munich, Germany, 754
BOC Power Spectrum Densities
E. Rebeyrol, C. Macabiau, ENAC, France; L. Lestarquit, L. Ries, J-L. Issler. CNES, France; M.L. Boucheret, ENST; M. Bousquet, SUPAERO, 769
RAIM Performance in Presence of Multiple Range Failures
C. Macabiau, ENAC, France; B. Gerfault, Thales; I. Nikiforov, L. Fillatre, UTT; B. Roturier, STNA; E. Chatre, GJU; M. Raimondi, A.C. Escher, ENAC, France, 779
GPS Constellation Navigation: L-Band Measurements Only
J.Y. Cruz, M.D. Menn, W.A. Feess, V. Nuth, The Aerospace Corporation, 792
Implementation and Simulation of a Mass-Market GPS/Galileo Single Point Positioning Receiver
B. Eissfeller, G. Hein, R. Kaniuth, A. Posfay, T. Pany, University FAF Munich, Germany, 799

D1: GPS/Galileo Enhanced Applications
The RF Compatibility of Flexible Navigation Signal Combining Methods
T. Fan, V.S. Lin, G.H. Wang, K.P. Maine, P.A. Dafesh, The Aerospace Corporation; B. Myers, USAF, GPS Joint Program Office, 810
A Virtual Galileo Constellations (VGC) Approach to Demonstration of GNSS Performance
Y. Feng, Queensland University of Technology, Australia, 819
Geometry and Visibility of Satellite Navigation Systems in Restricted Area
J. Januszewski, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland, 827
Performance Trials of an Integrated Loran/GPS/IMU Navigation System, Part I
G. Johnson, R. Shalaev, John J. McMullen Associates, Inc.; P. Swaszek, University of Rhode Island; R. Hartnett, US Coast Guard Academy, 840
Bistatic Sensing and Multipath Mitigation with a 109-Element GPS Antenna Array and Digital Beam Steering Receiver
K. Gold, A. Brown, K. Stolk, NAVSYS Corporation, 849
Investigating the Use of WAAS as a Navigational Tool for Coast Guard and Civilian Maritime Use
C.M. Armstrong, U.S. Coast Guard/University of Rhode Island; P. Swaszek, University of Rhode Island; G. Johnson, John J. McMullen Associates, Inc.; R. Hartnett, U. S. Coast Guard Academy, 858

D2: Land-Based Applications
Evaluation of DGPS and WADGPS Methods for Land and Marine Applications
R. Yousuf, S. Skone, The University of Calgary; Canada, A. Coster, MIT Haystack Observatory, 868
A Security Solution by 3D-GIS
S. Anai, K. Ikisu, Zenrin Co.,Ltd, Japan, 881
Small Size Light Weight User GNSS Antennas
D. Tatarnikov, I. Soutiaguine, A. Astahov, V. Filippov, A. Stepanenko, P. Shamatulsky, Topcon Positioning Systems, 892
Basic Feasibility of GPS Positioning without Carrier-Phase Measurements as a Relative Position Sensor Between two Vehicles
C.C. Kellum, General Motors Research & Development, 903
The Complementary Characteristics of GPS and Accelerometer in Monitoring Structural Deformation
X. Li, C. Rizos, L. Ge, University of New South Wales, Australia; Y. Tamura, A. Yoshida, Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan, 911
Backward Smoothing for Pipeline Surveying Applications
E-H. Shin, N. El-Sheimy, The University of Calgary, Canada, .921

D3: MEMS and Low Cost Inertial Systems
Morrison's QUBIKtm Inertial Measurement Unit Magnetically Levitated Cube
M.M. Morrison, MMM Systems, 928
Gyro Technology: What is on the Horizon?
F. Goldenberg, Goodrich Corporation, 939
Precise Estimation and Compensation of Antenna Lever Arm Flexure Using Auxiliary Inertial Sensors to Improve Ultra-Tightly Coupled GPS-IMU and ESM Performance
P. Quinn, D. Lewis, Raytheon Company; M. Berarducci, M. Miller, Air Force Research Laboratory, 951
Performance Comparison of the Extended and Unscented Kalman Filter for Integrated GPS and MEMS-Based Inertial Systems
E.-H. Shin, X. Niu, N. El-Sheimy, The University of Calgary, Canada, 961
The Silicon Oscillating Accelerometer: A High-Performance MEMS Accelerometer for Precision Navigation and Strategic Guidance Applications
R. Hopkins, J. Miola, W. Sawyer, R. Setterlund, B. Dow, Draper Laboratory, 970

D4: Algorithms, Analysis and Methods 2
A High Accuracy Relative DGPS Antenna Baseline Measurement System for Sensor Stabilization
C. Bartone, F. van Graas, T. Arthur, The Ohio University, 980
Applying NIORAIM to the Solution Separation Method for Inertially-Aided Aircraft Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
P. Hwang, Rockwell Collins, Inc., 992
Control Algorithm of the Hardware Simulator for a Remote Synchronization System for the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
F. Tappero, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Japan; K. Nakajima, Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Japan; T. Iwata, M. Imae, Y. Fukuyama, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Japan; A. Iwasaki, University of Tokyo, Japan; K. Hagimoto, T. Ikegami, H. Murakami, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, 1001
Error Bound Optimization Using Second Order Cone Programming
J. Blanch, T. Walter, P. Enge, Stanford University, 1009

E1: GNSS Receiver Software and Algorithms
Performance Analysis of an FFT Based Fast Acquisition GPS Receiver
C. O'Driscoll, C.C. Murphy, University College Cork, Ireland, 1014
An Efficient Signal Processing Scheme and Correlator Structure for Software GPS Receiver
D.W. Lim, D.J. Cho, S.J. Lee, Chungnam National University, South Korea, 1026
Radio Design and Performance Analysis of Multi Carrier-Ultrawideband (MC-UWB) Positioning System
R.J. Duckworth, H.K. Parikh, W.R. Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1033
Improving Tracking Performance of PLL in High Dynamics Applications
P. Lian, G. Lachapelle, C.L. Ma, The University of Calgary, Canada, 1042
Effects of Cross Correlation on High Performance C/A Code Tracking
Z. Zhu, F. van Graas, Ohio University, 1053

E2: Location-Based Services and Indoor Navigation
Impact of Multipath and Cross-Correlation on GPS Acquisition in Indoor Environments
H. A. El-Natour, A.C. Escher, C. Macabiau, Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile, France; M.L. Boucheret, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Telecommunications, France, 1062
Effect of Kinematics and Interference on Assisted GPS (AGPS)
M.D. Karunanayake, M.E. Cannon, G. Lachapelle, University of Calgary, Canada; G. Cox, SiRF Technology Inc., 1071
Analysis of a Software-based A-GPS Acquisition Performance Using Statistical Processes
D. Kubrak , C. Macabiau, Ecole Nationale de l’Aviation Civile, France; M. Monnerat, Alcatel Space, France, 1082
Performance Limitations of a Precision Indoor Positioning System using a Multi-Carrier Approach
D. Cyganski, J. Orr, R. Angilly, B. Woodacre, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1093
Precise Time Transfer in a Mobile Radio Terminal
P.J. Duffett-Smith, P. Hansen, Cambridge Positioning Systems Ltd., U.K., 1101
Indoor Positioning Using Wireless LAN Signal Propagation Model and Reference Points
J. Chey, J.W. Chun, J.G. Lee, Seoul National University, South Korea; G.-I. Jee, Konkuk University, South Korea, 1107
WLAN Differential Indoor Positioning Using Reference Points
J.W. Chun, J. Chey, J.G. Lee, Seoul National University, South Korea; G.-I. Jee, Konkuk University, South Korea; W. Kim, Samsung Electronics Co, 1113

E3: Atmospheric Effects 2
Analysis of Ionosphere Gradient Using Japan GEONET Data
H. Konno, S. Pullen, M. Luo, P. Enge, Stanford University, 1118
Global Studies of GPS Scintillation
A. Coster, MIT Haystack Observatory; S. Skone, The University of Calgary, Canada; C. Mitchell, University of Bath, U.K.; G. De Franceschi, L. Alfonso, V. Romano,
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy, 1130
Concept for New SBAS Message Types to Improve GIVE Resolution
D. Cormier, T.L. McKendree, T.R. Schempp, Raytheon, 1140
A Unified Geolocation Channel Model –– Part I (Path Loss)
I.F. Progri, California State Polytechnic University, 1148