Mr. Roy E. Anderson

For designing a range-measuring navigation system consisting of 24 satellites in inclined, circular, medium altitude orbits and for using existing satellites to test the concept.

Mr. Roy E. Anderson, now retired, worked at the General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center where he developed and demonstrated navigation and mobile communications using satellites. He proposed a ranging system with an active surveillance mode and a passive navigation mode. His work on the system was first published in the Fall 1964 Institute of Navigation journal, NAVIGATION. The passive mode employed an orbit design and position determination method similar to the Timation and GPS systems. The surveillance mode, integrated with voice communications, was demonstrated through National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellites with aircraft, ships and land vehicles. Upon leaving GE in 1983, he co-founded the Mobile Satellite Corporation, which was later merged with other companies to form the American Mobile Satellite Corporation, now known as Motient.

Professor Per Enge

For his continued contributions in the field of radio-navigation, ranging from Loran-C, radio-beacons for DGPS broadcasts, GPS augmentation and his guidance of students.

Prof. Per Enge is an associate professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University where he is director of the GPS Research Laboratory and principal investigator of Federal Aviation Administration grants (1993-2001) to augment the Global Navigation Satellite Services, including the Global Positioning System. From 1986 to 1993, Prof. Enge was associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Worcester Polytechnic Institute where he was the principal investigator and lead designer for the U.S. Coast Guard research contract to design a medium frequency radio system to broadcast differential GPS corrections to maritime users. From 1975 to 1977 and from 1979 to 1984, Prof. Enge was an engineering specialist and manager at Megapulse Inc. where he contributed to the design of the first solid state Loran transmitter. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois in 1979 and 1983, respectively. His dissertation is in the area of spread spectrum multiple access communications. Prof. Enge is a past president of the Institute of Navigation (1999-2000) and a past chair of the ION’s Satellite Division. He is currently an associate editor of NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. He is also a recipient of the ION’s Thomas L. Thurlow Award and the Johannes Kepler Award.

Mr. Gaylord Green

For his recognized leadership in the development and deployment of the Global Positioning System and his sustained contributions to the field of guidance and control.

Mr. Gaylord Green’s life’s work has been devoted to developing and deploying navigation and guidance systems. While in the U.S. Air Force, he was involved in the creation, development and operation of the Global Positioning System. He also was instrumental in the development of the most precise ICBM inertial guidance system for which he received the Institute of Navigation’s Norman P. Hays Award. After Air Force retirement, he continued his career with the NavAstro Company to support GPS developments, the ultimately precise Relativity Gyroscope project and the Equivalence Principle Differential Accelerometer project.

Mr. Green has been an ION member since 1970 and is an ION past president. He is responsible for activating the Satellite Division during his term as ION president, and subsequently served as Satellite Division chair.

Dr. Richard L. Greenspan

For his contributions to the development of GPS technology, its integration with other systems, as well as outstanding service to the Institute of Navigation.

Dr. Richard L. Greenspan received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During the 1960s and into the late 1970s, he worked on radio communications applications, including signal processing for the detection and localization of spread spectrum signals. Since 1978, he has been employed by the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory where he has led pioneering work in interferometric processing of Global Positioning Signals and in GPS INS integration. Dr. Greenspan is a past president of the Institute of Navigation and is an associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He is also a member of the American Geophysical Union and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He was the director for a North Atlantic Treaty Organization sponsored lecture series on Innovative Concepts in Satellite Navigation and has been an associate editor of NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation, since 1990.

Dr. Rudolph M. Kalafus

For his significant individual contributions to the development of differential and airborne GNSS standards, differential GPS systems, and GPS integrity monitoring techniques.

Dr. Rudolph M. Kalafus currently heads the Core Technology group in the Military and Advanced Systems Division at Trimble Navigation, Ltd. He has been chair of the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Service’s Special Committee 104, "Recommended Standards for Differential GNSS Service," since its inception in 1983.

That committee developed the standards for differential GNSS broadcasts that have been adopted worldwide. More recently, the committee has developed standards for real-time kinematic applications. While at the Transportation Systems Center of the U.S. Department of Transportation from 1970 to 1987, Dr. Kalafus was active in aircraft navigation and surveillance system development, notably the Microwave Landing System and GPS. He played a key role in the early development of Receiver-Autonomous Integrity Monitoring techniques in GPS receivers. He also played a key role in the development of the U.S. Coast Guard radio beacon-based differential GPS broadcast network. He was active in the RTCA Special Committee 159, which developed aeronautical standards for GPS equipment.

He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Michigan in 1966 where he also received his B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E.

Dr. Kalafus has been a member of the ION since 1979 and has served as both a technical chair and a general chair of the ION GPS Satellite Division meeting (1989-1990). He edited Volume III of the ION Special Issues on GPS, and was the co-editor of the section in Volume V entitled "Autonomous GPS Integrity Monitoring." Dr. Kalafus received the ION Satellite Division’s Johannes Kepler Award in 1992.

Mr. Keith D. McDonald

For sustained contribution and leadership in the initiation, development and modernization of the Global Positioning System.

Mr. Keith D. McDonald is Navtech’s technical director and chair, and president of Sat Tech Systems, a satellite technology consulting firm. He served as scientific director of the Department of Defense Navigation Satellite Program and executive director of the Four Service Group that initiated the Navstar GPS program in the early 1970s. He has broad experience in most aspects of GPS, including system engineering, signal structure, system operation and policy. In addition to his consulting, he has published over 90 technical papers and has taught courses on GPS and other navigation systems for George Washington University and Navtech Seminars for the past twenty years.

Mr. McDonald was awarded the Institute of Navigation’s Norman P. Hays Award in 1987 for his accomplishments in the advancement of navigation. He was general chair of the ION GPS 1989 meeting and served as ION president from 1990 to 1991. He was a member of the National Research Council Committee on the Future of GPS (1994-1995), and has been instrumental in GPS Modernization activities, including the use of new signal structures and the incorporation of additional GPS civil signals to current and future generations of satellites. In 1999, Mr. McDonald was elected a fellow of the UK’s Royal Institute of Navigation and he is the immediate past president of the International Association of Institutes of Navigation.

Mr. John R. Moore

For leadership in the development of inertial navigation, especially in the early years when many thought that inertial navigation would never become practical.

Mr. John R. Moore has been in the high technology industry since 1937 and in management since 1941. He successfully ran "bottom line" business operations varying in headcount from 100 to 94,000. He is a graduate of the G.E. Advanced Course in Engineering (equivalent to D.Sc., except for languages and dissertation) and was a licensed aircraft pilot and head of airborne fire control sight and computer development during World War II. He led the Theoretical Section of G.E.’s first missile program. In 1946, he left G.E. to become an associate professor of mechanics at Washington University in St. Louis and director of its research foundation’s Dynamical Control Laboratory.

In 1955, Mr. Moore became the first general manager of the newly formed Autonetics Division of North American Aviation and later president of the division. In 1966, he became vice president of NAA and a member of its board and executive committee. He was also a member of the North American Rockwell board and its executive committee - positions he held during the first Apollo program moon landings. Since retiring from Northrop in 1989, Mr. Moore has served as a consultant to high technology industry, a member of the board of directors of The Center for Space and Advanced Technology, an advisor to the Board of Scientific Applications & Research Associates, and as a member of various committees for the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), including the Time Horizons and Technology Investment Committee, the President’s Transition Advisory Committee, the NAE Special Fields and Interdisciplinary Section’s Membership Applicant Review Committee, and as a member of the steering committee of the American Electronic Association’s Presidents’ Round Table. Mr. Moore was elected to the NAE in 1978. He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He has been awarded more than 25 patents, written scores of papers on technical and management subjects and served on seven Department of Defense committees, including the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board and the Army Science Board. He has also served on ten state and local government, civic and university committees. He is the recipient of 9 major achievement awards from professional societies, DoD, industry, and universities, and holds an honorary doctor of science from West Coast University.

Mr. Winslow Palmer

For his pioneering work in the Loran and OMEGA navigation systems.

Mr. Winslow Palmer received his B.S. in physics and math in 1937 from the University of Hawaii and an E.E. degree in 1939 from Stanford University. He built a servo system coupling the outputs of a Bendix Blind Landing system receiver to the A-2 auto pilot of a charted DC-2 which, at Wright Paterson Field in the summer of 1941, made what may well have been the first automatic radio controlled approach to a landing. Mr. Palmer went to Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1942 to learn about Loran, then returned to Sperry to build a Loran receiver displaying time difference on a counter rather than by pips on a CRT. This work evolved into the Navy DBE Loran Receiver and the Sperry Direct Reading Loran Receiver. At MIT, Mr. Palmer learned of experiments using Loran at LF (180 kHz) indicating the possibility of a positioning system yielding a repeatability of a few tens of feet at a thousand miles, provided cycle identification and sky wave discrimination could be solved.

Mr. Palmer’s proposal to transmit Loran-type pulse signals on two LF frequencies differing by ten percent led to a USAF contract to deploy an experimental CYCLAN system on the West Coast, which not only yielded the expected repeatability but the finding that the second frequency was not actually required. This led to the development of Loran C, which in the 1960s and 1970s was expanded to cover not only the continental United States but also a considerable part of Europe and Asia. Loran C’s thousand-mile range could not provide global coverage from available land sites. In the 1960s, J.A. Pierce’s studies of VLF radio propagation at Harvard showed that VLF signals traveling as a waveguide mode between ground and ionosphere were sufficiently stable with no more than eight transmitting stations. In the 1960s, Mr. Palmer joined a team of four to lay out a design plan for what became OMEGA—an eight station global VLF positioning system providing global positioning for ships, aircraft, weather balloons and others. Mr. Palmer was awarded the United States Navy Certificate of Merit in 1946; the IRE fellow (now the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) in 1956; the Institute of Navigation Thomas L. Thurlow Award in 1967; and, jointly with R.L. Frank, the IEEE Pioneer Award in 1971. .

Dr. Frank van Graas

For sustained contribution and leadership in the development and applications of satellite-based navigation methods for aviation.

Dr. Frank van Graas holds a Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ professorship at Ohio University where he has performed pioneering research in aviation navigation. He has conducted research in integrated navigation, fault detection and isolation, analysis and flight-testing of integrated GPS and inertial systems, Loran-C, and GPS-based approach and landing systems. He has authored or co-authored more than 50 navigation-related publications, including two book chapters.

From 1998 to 1999, he served as the president of the U.S. ION. In 1996, he received the Johannes Kepler Award for "sustained and significant contributions to satellite navigation," from the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation.

A native of the Netherlands, Dr. van Graas holds a B.S.E.E. and an M.S.E.E. degree from Delft University of Technology, and a Ph.D. from Ohio University.

Mr. Alexander B. Winick

For leadership in advancing the modernization of navigation in the National Airspace System and adoption of VOR/DME as the international standard for domestic air navigation.

Mr. Alexander B. Winick received his B.S. degree in physics in 1936. He began his career teaching theory and operation of early airborne navigation equipment for the U.S. Army Air Corps Technical Training Command at Scott Field, Illinois. From 1943 to 1946 he was on active duty with the U.S. Navy, ending up at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. Back as a civilian, he worked at the Bureau of Aeronautics where he became head of the Navigation Branch. The major task of the navigation branch was the development of a common civil/military system for use by all users of the airspace. In 1957, Mr. Winick became part of the Federal Aviation Administration’s research and development service. He was appointed deputy director of research and development and served there until 1975, after which he took early retirement, but continued to work for The MITRE Corporation as a consultant in support of FAA programs.

Mr. Winick completely retired in 1994 but still feels strongly about navigation issues. Mr. Winick was awarded the Norman P. Hays Award in 1966 and served as ION president from 1972-1973.

HONORARY FELLOW
Dr. Charles R. Cahn

For his continued contributions to GPS signal and waveform design.

Dr. Charles R. Cahn has acted as a consultant in Global Positioning Systems and spread-spectrum systems since his retirement from the Magnavox APS Company in 1990 as vice president and chief scientist. He was chief scientist at SiRF Technology and continues to provide services there as a consultant. Currently, he is chief technology officer at the WirelessHome Corporation. Recently, he participated in M-code wave-form design for GPS modernization as well as contributing to the design of the GPS L5 signal and the proposed design of the Replacement Code for the civilian GPS L2 signal. At Magnavox, he directed an early study that helped establish the GPS wave-form and participated in the design and development of GPS user equipments for military and civilian applications. He received his B.E.E., M.E.E. and Ph.D. from Syracuse University in 1949, 1951 and 1955, respectively. Dr. Cahn is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.